1071001: Proximal splenorenal anastomosis (procedure)

SNOMED CT Concept\Procedure\...

\Surgical procedure (procedure)\Surgical procedure on soft tissue (procedure)\Vascular surgery procedure\Operative procedure on vein (procedure)\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Surgical procedure (procedure)\Surgical procedure on soft tissue (procedure)\Vascular surgery procedure\Vascular surgery procedure on abdominal region (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Surgical procedure (procedure)\Surgical procedure on soft tissue (procedure)\Vascular surgery procedure\Repair of blood vessel\Anastomosis of blood vessel (procedure)\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Surgical procedure (procedure)\Surgical procedure on soft tissue (procedure)\Vascular surgery procedure\Repair of blood vessel\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Surgical procedure (procedure)\Cardiovascular surgical procedure\Cardiovascular system repair\Repair of blood vessel\Anastomosis of blood vessel (procedure)\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Surgical procedure (procedure)\Cardiovascular surgical procedure\Cardiovascular system repair\Repair of blood vessel\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Surgical procedure (procedure)\Cardiovascular surgical procedure\Vascular surgery procedure\Operative procedure on vein (procedure)\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Surgical procedure (procedure)\Cardiovascular surgical procedure\Vascular surgery procedure\Vascular surgery procedure on abdominal region (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Surgical procedure (procedure)\Cardiovascular surgical procedure\Vascular surgery procedure\Repair of blood vessel\Anastomosis of blood vessel (procedure)\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Surgical procedure (procedure)\Cardiovascular surgical procedure\Vascular surgery procedure\Repair of blood vessel\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Surgical procedure (procedure)\Operation on trunk\Trunk repair\Abdomen repair (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Surgical procedure (procedure)\Operation on trunk\Trunk repair\Abdomen repair (procedure)\Repair of retroperitoneal tissue\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Surgical procedure (procedure)\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Vascular surgery procedure on abdominal region (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Surgical procedure (procedure)\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Abdomen repair (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Surgical procedure (procedure)\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Abdomen repair (procedure)\Repair of retroperitoneal tissue\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Surgical procedure (procedure)\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Operation on retroperitoneum\Retroperitoneal tissue operations\Repair of retroperitoneal tissue\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Surgical procedure (procedure)\Surgical repair\Construction (procedure)\Construction of anastomosis\Anastomosis of blood vessel (procedure)\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Surgical procedure (procedure)\Surgical repair\Cardiovascular system repair\Repair of blood vessel\Anastomosis of blood vessel (procedure)\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Surgical procedure (procedure)\Surgical repair\Cardiovascular system repair\Repair of blood vessel\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Surgical procedure (procedure)\Surgical repair\Trunk repair\Abdomen repair (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Surgical procedure (procedure)\Surgical repair\Trunk repair\Abdomen repair (procedure)\Repair of retroperitoneal tissue\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis

\Procedure by site\Procedure on body region (procedure)\Procedure on trunk\Procedure on abdomen\Procedure on retroperitoneum\Operation on retroperitoneum\Retroperitoneal tissue operations\Repair of retroperitoneal tissue\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on body region (procedure)\Procedure on trunk\Procedure on abdomen\Operation on abdominal region\Vascular surgery procedure on abdominal region (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on body region (procedure)\Procedure on trunk\Procedure on abdomen\Operation on abdominal region\Abdomen repair (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on body region (procedure)\Procedure on trunk\Procedure on abdomen\Operation on abdominal region\Abdomen repair (procedure)\Repair of retroperitoneal tissue\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on body region (procedure)\Procedure on trunk\Procedure on abdomen\Operation on abdominal region\Operation on retroperitoneum\Retroperitoneal tissue operations\Repair of retroperitoneal tissue\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on body region (procedure)\Procedure on trunk\Operation on trunk\Trunk repair\Abdomen repair (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on body region (procedure)\Procedure on trunk\Operation on trunk\Trunk repair\Abdomen repair (procedure)\Repair of retroperitoneal tissue\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on body region (procedure)\Procedure on trunk\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Vascular surgery procedure on abdominal region (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on body region (procedure)\Procedure on trunk\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Abdomen repair (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on body region (procedure)\Procedure on trunk\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Abdomen repair (procedure)\Repair of retroperitoneal tissue\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on body region (procedure)\Procedure on trunk\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Operation on retroperitoneum\Retroperitoneal tissue operations\Repair of retroperitoneal tissue\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on soft tissue\Surgical procedure on soft tissue (procedure)\Vascular surgery procedure\Operative procedure on vein (procedure)\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on soft tissue\Surgical procedure on soft tissue (procedure)\Vascular surgery procedure\Vascular surgery procedure on abdominal region (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on soft tissue\Surgical procedure on soft tissue (procedure)\Vascular surgery procedure\Repair of blood vessel\Anastomosis of blood vessel (procedure)\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on soft tissue\Surgical procedure on soft tissue (procedure)\Vascular surgery procedure\Repair of blood vessel\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on soft tissue\Procedure on blood vessel\Procedure on vein (procedure)\Operative procedure on vein (procedure)\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on soft tissue\Procedure on blood vessel\Vascular surgery procedure\Operative procedure on vein (procedure)\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on soft tissue\Procedure on blood vessel\Vascular surgery procedure\Vascular surgery procedure on abdominal region (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on soft tissue\Procedure on blood vessel\Vascular surgery procedure\Repair of blood vessel\Anastomosis of blood vessel (procedure)\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on soft tissue\Procedure on blood vessel\Vascular surgery procedure\Repair of blood vessel\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on organ\Procedure on blood vessel\Procedure on vein (procedure)\Operative procedure on vein (procedure)\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on organ\Procedure on blood vessel\Vascular surgery procedure\Operative procedure on vein (procedure)\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on organ\Procedure on blood vessel\Vascular surgery procedure\Vascular surgery procedure on abdominal region (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on organ\Procedure on blood vessel\Vascular surgery procedure\Repair of blood vessel\Anastomosis of blood vessel (procedure)\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on organ\Procedure on blood vessel\Vascular surgery procedure\Repair of blood vessel\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on body system\Procedure on cardiovascular system\Procedure on blood vessel\Procedure on vein (procedure)\Operative procedure on vein (procedure)\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on body system\Procedure on cardiovascular system\Procedure on blood vessel\Vascular surgery procedure\Operative procedure on vein (procedure)\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on body system\Procedure on cardiovascular system\Procedure on blood vessel\Vascular surgery procedure\Vascular surgery procedure on abdominal region (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on body system\Procedure on cardiovascular system\Procedure on blood vessel\Vascular surgery procedure\Repair of blood vessel\Anastomosis of blood vessel (procedure)\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on body system\Procedure on cardiovascular system\Procedure on blood vessel\Vascular surgery procedure\Repair of blood vessel\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on body system\Procedure on cardiovascular system\Cardiovascular surgical procedure\Cardiovascular system repair\Repair of blood vessel\Anastomosis of blood vessel (procedure)\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on body system\Procedure on cardiovascular system\Cardiovascular surgical procedure\Cardiovascular system repair\Repair of blood vessel\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on body system\Procedure on cardiovascular system\Cardiovascular surgical procedure\Vascular surgery procedure\Operative procedure on vein (procedure)\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on body system\Procedure on cardiovascular system\Cardiovascular surgical procedure\Vascular surgery procedure\Vascular surgery procedure on abdominal region (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on body system\Procedure on cardiovascular system\Cardiovascular surgical procedure\Vascular surgery procedure\Repair of blood vessel\Anastomosis of blood vessel (procedure)\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by site\Procedure on body system\Procedure on cardiovascular system\Cardiovascular surgical procedure\Vascular surgery procedure\Repair of blood vessel\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis

\Procedure by method\Surgical procedure on soft tissue (procedure)\Vascular surgery procedure\Operative procedure on vein (procedure)\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by method\Surgical procedure on soft tissue (procedure)\Vascular surgery procedure\Vascular surgery procedure on abdominal region (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by method\Surgical procedure on soft tissue (procedure)\Vascular surgery procedure\Repair of blood vessel\Anastomosis of blood vessel (procedure)\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by method\Surgical procedure on soft tissue (procedure)\Vascular surgery procedure\Repair of blood vessel\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by method\Cardiovascular surgical procedure\Cardiovascular system repair\Repair of blood vessel\Anastomosis of blood vessel (procedure)\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by method\Cardiovascular surgical procedure\Cardiovascular system repair\Repair of blood vessel\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by method\Cardiovascular surgical procedure\Vascular surgery procedure\Operative procedure on vein (procedure)\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by method\Cardiovascular surgical procedure\Vascular surgery procedure\Vascular surgery procedure on abdominal region (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by method\Cardiovascular surgical procedure\Vascular surgery procedure\Repair of blood vessel\Anastomosis of blood vessel (procedure)\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by method\Cardiovascular surgical procedure\Vascular surgery procedure\Repair of blood vessel\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by method\Operation on trunk\Trunk repair\Abdomen repair (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by method\Operation on trunk\Trunk repair\Abdomen repair (procedure)\Repair of retroperitoneal tissue\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by method\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Vascular surgery procedure on abdominal region (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by method\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Abdomen repair (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by method\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Abdomen repair (procedure)\Repair of retroperitoneal tissue\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by method\Operation on trunk\Operation on abdominal region\Operation on retroperitoneum\Retroperitoneal tissue operations\Repair of retroperitoneal tissue\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by method\Surgical repair\Construction (procedure)\Construction of anastomosis\Anastomosis of blood vessel (procedure)\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by method\Surgical repair\Cardiovascular system repair\Repair of blood vessel\Anastomosis of blood vessel (procedure)\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by method\Surgical repair\Cardiovascular system repair\Repair of blood vessel\Repair of vein\Anastomosis of veins\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by method\Surgical repair\Trunk repair\Abdomen repair (procedure)\Intra-abdominal venous anastomosis\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
\Procedure by method\Surgical repair\Trunk repair\Abdomen repair (procedure)\Repair of retroperitoneal tissue\Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein\Proximal splenorenal anastomosis

Status: current, Not sufficiently defined by necessary conditions definition status (core metadata concept). Date: 31-Jan 2002. Module: SNOMED CT core

Descriptions:

Id Description Lang Type Status Case? Module

2887017 Proximal splenorenal anastomosis en Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core

311104012 Proximal splenorenal shunt en Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core

311105013 Central splenorenal shunt en Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core

587707016 Proximal splenorenal anastomosis (procedure) en Fully specified name Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core

Expanded Value Set

Outbound Relationships	Type	Target	Active	Characteristic	Refinability	Group	Values
Proximal splenorenal anastomosis	Is a	Anastomosis of renal vein and splenic vein	true	Inferred relationship	Some
Proximal splenorenal anastomosis	Method	Anastomosis - action	false	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Proximal splenorenal anastomosis	Method	Construction - action	false	Inferred relationship	Some
Proximal splenorenal anastomosis	Procedure site	Portal vein structure	false	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Proximal splenorenal anastomosis	Procedure site	Entire splenic vein	false	Inferred relationship	Some
Proximal splenorenal anastomosis	Procedure site	Entire renal vein	false	Inferred relationship	Some
Proximal splenorenal anastomosis	Method	Reconstruction - action	false	Inferred relationship	Some	3
Proximal splenorenal anastomosis	Method	Bypass - action	false	Inferred relationship	Some	3
Proximal splenorenal anastomosis	Procedure site	Venous structure	false	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Proximal splenorenal anastomosis	Procedure site	Venous structure	false	Inferred relationship	Some	3
Proximal splenorenal anastomosis	Method	Surgical repair - action	false	Inferred relationship	Some
Proximal splenorenal anastomosis	Procedure site	Structure of renal vein	false	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Proximal splenorenal anastomosis	Procedure site	Structure of splenic vein	false	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Proximal splenorenal anastomosis	Procedure site - Direct (attribute)	Venous structure	false	Inferred relationship	Some	3
Proximal splenorenal anastomosis	Method	Anastomosis - action	false	Inferred relationship	Some	4
Proximal splenorenal anastomosis	Method	Proximal anastomosis	true	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Proximal splenorenal anastomosis	Method	Proximal anastomosis	true	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Proximal splenorenal anastomosis	Procedure site - Direct (attribute)	Structure of splenic vein	true	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Proximal splenorenal anastomosis	Procedure site - Direct (attribute)	Structure of trunk of portal vein	false	Inferred relationship	Some	4
Proximal splenorenal anastomosis	Procedure site - Direct (attribute)	Structure of renal vein	true	Inferred relationship	Some	1

Inbound Relationships

Type

Active

Source

Characteristic

Refinability

Group

This concept is not in any reference sets