| Inbound Relationships | Type | Active | Source | Characteristic | Refinability | Group | 
| Neuropacemaker device | Is a | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Cardiac assist implant | Is a | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Cardiac transvenous pacemaker, device | Is a | True | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Implantable defibrillator, device | Is a | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Maintenance of battery of intravenous cardiac pacemaker system | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Complete removal of implanted cardiac pacemaker system | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Repositioning of permanent transvenous electrodes | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Replacement of permanent transvenous electrodes | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Reposition of cardiac pacemaker pocket | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Revision of skin pocket for pacemaker | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Replacement of battery of intravenous cardiac pacemaker system | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Automatic defibrillator procedure | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Implantation of automatic cardiac defibrillator | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Removal of automatic cardiac defibrillator | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Cardiac pacemaker procedure | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Temporary cardiac pacemaker procedure | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Direct temporary cardiac pacemaker procedure | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Insertion of epicardial electrode for temporary cardiac pacing | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 2 | 
| Insertion of endocardial electrode for temporary cardiac pacing | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Transesophageal cardiac pacing procedure | Using | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Transthoracic cardiac pacing procedure | Using | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Permanent cardiac pacemaker procedure | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Insertion of permanent epicardial cardiac pacemaker system | Direct device | True | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Maintenance procedure for cardiac pacemaker system | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Reprogramming of cardiac pacemaker | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Change of cardiac pacemaker | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Removal of implanted cardiac pacemaker system or components | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Removal of cardiac pacing electrode | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Reinsertion of cardiac pacemaker battery | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Disorder of cardiac pacemaker electrode | Causative agent | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Pacemaker electrode infection | Causative agent | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Pacemaker electrode displacement | Causative agent | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Pacemaker electrode lead fracture | Causative agent | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Pacemaker electrode lead displacement | Causative agent | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| General maintenance of cardiac pacemaker | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Insertion of temporary cardiac pacemaker | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 2 | 
| Diaphragm pacemaker procedure | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Reimplantation of cardiac pacemaker electrode | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 2 | 
| Bundle of His pacing | Using | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Intraventricular pacing | Using | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Mechanical complication due to cardiac pacemaker electrode | Causative agent | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Repair of cardiac pacemaker pocket in skin AND/OR subcutaneous tissue | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 2 | 
| Implantation of electrode into cardiac atrium, replacement | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Check artificial pacemaker for electrode impedance | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Electronic analysis of internal pacemaker system | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Removal of cardiac pacemaker from epicardium with replacement of atrial and/or ventricular leads | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 2 | 
| Replacement of transvenous atrial pacemaker electrode leads | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Cardiac pacing | Using | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Demand pacing | Using | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Relocation of cardiac pacemaker pocket to new site in subcutaneous tissue | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Electronic wave or pacemaker analysis, complete | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Repair of cardiac pacemaker | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Check artificial pacemaker for waveform artifact | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Insertion of intracardiac pacemaker | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Removal of cardiac pacemaker with replacement by single-chamber device, rate-responsive | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Removal of transvenous electrodes | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Removal of electronic heart device pulse generator | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Electronic wave or pacemaker analysis, remote | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Debridement of skin or subcutaneous tissue of pacemaker pocket | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Replacement of transvenous ventricular pacemaker electrode leads | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 2 | 
| Check artificial pacemaker for amperage threshold | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Insertion of permanent atrial pacemaker with transvenous electrodes | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Insertion of permanent pacemaker with transvenous electrodes, atrio-ventricular sequential | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Replacement of electronic heart device, pulse generator | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Repair of pacemaker with replacement of pulse generator | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Temporary insertion of pacemaker into atrium by transvenous route | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Removal of spinal pacemaker | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Replacement of transvenous atrial and ventricular pacemaker electrode leads | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 3 | 
| Implantation of electrode into cardiac ventricle, replacement | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Removal of cardiac pacemaker electrodes with replacement | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 2 | 
| Implantation of automatic cardioverter/defibrillator, total system | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Electronic analysis of dual chamber internal cardiac pacemaker system with reprogramming | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Electronic analysis of dual chamber internal cardiac pacemaker system without reprogramming | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Insertion of permanent pacemaker with transvenous electrodes, ventricular | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Revision of pacemaker electrode leads | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 2 | 
| Removal of automatic implantable cardioverter/defibrillator pads and electrodes | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Removal of spinal pacemaker with synchronous replacement | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Removal of epicardial electrodes | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Implantation of electrode into cardiac atrium and ventricle, replacement | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Removal of electronic heart device battery | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Repair of cardiac pulse generator | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 2 | 
| Temporary transcutaneous pacing | Using | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Temporary transcutaneous pacing | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Implantation of diaphragmatic pacemaker | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Removal of cardiac pacemaker | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Check artificial pacemaker by slew rate check | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Implantation of cardiac temporary transvenous pacemaker system during and immediately following cardiac surgery | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Electrocardiographic recording from artificial pacemaker | Using | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Insertion of permanent transvenous electrodes | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Replacement of electronic heart device, myocardial electrode | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Intraoperative cardiac pacemaker | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Intra-atrial pacing | Using | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Insertion of pacemaker pulse generator | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Removal of epicardial electrodes with replacement of epicardial lead | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 3 | 
| Electro-mechanical dissociation caused by cardiac pacemaker | Causative agent | True | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 4 | 
| Removal of pacemaker electrode leads without replacement | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 3 | 
| Revision of permanent cardiac pacemaker device | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 | 
| Induction of arrhythmia by electrical pacing | Using | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Creation of cardiac pacemaker pocket new site in subcutaneous tissue | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 2 | 
| Electronic analysis of internal pacemaker system, complete | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier |  | 
| Repair of pacemaker electrodes | Direct device | False | Cardiac pacemaker, device | Inferred relationship | Existential restriction modifier | 1 |