89545001: Face structure (body structure)

SNOMED CT Concept\Body structure\Anatomical or acquired body structure (body structure)\Anatomical structure\Body region structure\Body part structure\Upper body structure\Upper body part structure\Structure of head and/or neck (body structure)\...

\Face and/or neck structure (body structure)\Face structure

\Head structure\Head part\Structure of subregion of head\Face structure

Status: current, Not sufficiently defined by necessary conditions definition status (core metadata concept). Date: 31-Jan 2002. Module: SNOMED CT core

Descriptions:

Expanded Value Set

Outbound Relationships	Type	Target	Active	Characteristic	Refinability	Group	Values
Face structure	Is a	Face and/or neck structure (body structure)	false	Inferred relationship	Some
Face structure	Is a	Head part	false	Inferred relationship	Some
Face structure	del af	Entire head (body structure)	false	Additional relationship	Some
Face structure	Is a	Structure of subregion of head	true	Inferred relationship	Some
Face structure	Is a	Face and/or neck structure (body structure)	true	Inferred relationship	Some

Inbound Relationships	Type	Active	Source	Characteristic	Refinability	Group
Holoprosencephaly-postaxial polydactyly syndrome associates, in chromosomally normal neonates, holoprosencephaly, severe facial dysmorphism, postaxial polydactyly and other congenital abnormalities, suggestive of trisomy 13.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A very rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome described in three brothers of one South-African family, and characterized by hypospadias and intellectual deficit, in association with microcephaly, craniofacial dysmorphism, joint laxity and beaked nails.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
Macrocephaly-spastic paraplegia-dysmorphism syndrome is a rare syndrome of multiple congenital anomalies characterized by macrocephaly (of post-natal onset) with large anterior fontanelle, progressive complex spastic paraplegia, dysmorphic facial features (broad and high forehead, deeply set eyes, short philtrum with thin upper lip, large mouth and prominent incisors), seizures, and intellectual deficit of varying severity. Inheritance appears to be autosomal recessive.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	6
This syndrome is extremely rare and is characterized by delayed speech development, mild facial asymmetry, strabismus and transverse ear lobe creases.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare syndromic genetic deafness characterized by profound congenital bilateral sensorineural deafness, developmental delay, moderate intellectual disability, generalized delay in bone maturation, short stature, epiphyseal dysplasia particularly of the capital femoral epiphyses, and mild dysmorphic facial features such as prominent forehead and small, pointed chin. Bilateral obstruction of lacrimal ducts and inguinal and umbilical hernias have also been described.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	5
Thomas syndrome is characterized by renal anomalies, cardiac malformations and cleft lip or palate. It has been described in six patients. Transmission was suggested to be autosomal recessive.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Trisomy 17p is a rare chromosomal abnormality resulting from the duplication of the short arm of chromosome 17 and characterized by pre- and post-natal growth retardation, developmental delay, hypotonia, digital abnormalities, congenital heart defects, and distinctive facial features.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Trisomy 10p is a syndrome of mental retardation/multiple congenital malformations (MR-MCA) that is caused by the total or partial duplication of the short arm of chromosome 10.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	5
A rare developmental defect during embryogenesis mainly characterized by severe intellectual disability, short stature, hypogonadism, and distinct facial dysmorphism (including trigonocephaly, prominent forehead, asymmetric and flat face, hypertelorism, epicanthus, downslanting palpebral fissures, ptosis, low-set angulated ears, small mouth, high-arched/cleft palate crowded teeth, microretrognathia), as well as slender hands and/or feet. Variable additional features may include pterygia, hypoplastic nipples, cardiac anomaly, distal muscular wasting, limb contractures, skeletal anomalies (e.g. scoliosis, pectus excavatum, bilateral clubfeet), hypothyroidism, seizures, and cerebral anomalies. Puberty may be delayed.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	4
A very rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome described in three brothers of one South-African family, and characterized by hypospadias and intellectual deficit, in association with microcephaly, craniofacial dysmorphism, joint laxity and beaked nails.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Ichthyosis cheek eyebrow syndrome (disorder)	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Microcephaly-deafness-intellectual disability syndrome is characterized by microcephaly, deafness, intellectual deficit and facial dysmorphism (facial asymmetry, prominent glabella, low-set and cup-shaped ears, protruding lower lip, micrognathia). It has been described in a mother and her son. The mode of inheritance is probably autosomal dominant.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	6
Shprintzen-Goldberg omphalocele syndrome is a very rare inherited malformation syndrome characterized by omphalocele, scoliosis, mild dysmorphic features (downslanted palpebral fissures, s-shaped eyelids and thin upper lip), laryngeal and pharyngeal hypoplasia and learning disabilities.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	10
A rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by holoprosencephaly, predominantly radial limb deficiency (absent thumbs, phocomelia), heart defects, kidney malformations and absence of gallbladder. Variable manifestations include vertebral anomalies, cleft lip/palate, microphthalmia, absent nose, dysplastic ears, hearing loss, colobomas of the iris and retina and/or bifid uvula.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Trisomy 17p is a rare chromosomal abnormality resulting from the duplication of the short arm of chromosome 17 and characterized by pre- and post-natal growth retardation, developmental delay, hypotonia, digital abnormalities, congenital heart defects, and distinctive facial features.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
A rare systemic or rheumatologic disease characterized by peripheral osteolysis (especially carpal and tarsal bones), interphalangeal joint erosions, subcutaneous fibrocollagenous nodules, facial dysmorphism, and a wide range of associated manifestations.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
An extremely rare type of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita characterized by the combination of multiple joint contractures with movement limitation, microstomia with a whistling appearance of the mouth that may cause feeding, swallowing, and speech difficulties, a distinctive expressionless facies, severe developmental delay, central and autonomous nervous system dysfunction (excessive salivation, temperature instability, myoclonic epileptic fits, bradycardia), occasionally Pierre-Robin sequence, and lethality generally occurring during the first months of life. Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita-whistling face syndrome has been suggested to be a fetal akinesia deformation sequence.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
A rare developmental anomaly characterized by brachytelephalangy, distinct craniofacial features (prominent square forehead, telecanthus, small nose, malar hypoplasia, smooth philtrum and thin upper lip) and, relative to other family members, short stature. These features may be associated with anosmia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (Kallman syndrome). There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1986.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
An extremely rare chondrodysplastic malformation syndrome characterised by the combination of arachnodactyly, becoming evident at around the age of 10, camptodactyly, and scoliosis. Additional reported manifestations include a mild intellectual disability and a mild facial dysmorphism including a broad nose and flaring nostrils. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1972.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	7
CHIME syndrome is a rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by ocular colobomas, cardiac defects, ichthyosiform dermatosis, intellectual disability, conductive hearing loss and epilepsy.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	6
Syndromic orbital border hypoplasia is a rare disorder observed in two families to date and characterized by agenesis of the orbital margin, varying defects of the lacrimal passages, hypoplasia of the palpebral skin and tarsal plates and atresia of the nasolacrimal duct.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A rare multisystem disorder characterised by neonatal/childhood hypotonia, mild to moderate developmental delay or intellectual disability, epilepsy, dysmorphic facial features, hypermetropia, congenital heart anomalies, congenital renal/urologic anomalies, musculoskeletal problems, and a friendly/amiable disposition.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Syndromic orbital border hypoplasia is a rare disorder observed in two families to date and characterized by agenesis of the orbital margin, varying defects of the lacrimal passages, hypoplasia of the palpebral skin and tarsal plates and atresia of the nasolacrimal duct.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
A rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by severe arthrogryposis, multiple ectodermal dysplasia features, cleft lip/palate, facial dysmorphism, growth deficiency and a moderate delay of psychomotor development. Ectodermal dysplasia manifestations include sparse, brittle and hypopigmented hair, xerosis, multiple nevi, small conical shaped teeth and hypodontia, and facial dysmorphism with blepharophimosis, deep-set eyes and micrognathia.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	7
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by the association of intellectual deficit, facial dysmorphism (a highly arched palate, pointed chin, and small mouth, hypotelorism, a long nose and large protruding ears), arachnodactyly, hypogenitalism (undescended testes and hypospadias) and failure to thrive.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	4
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by the association of intellectual deficit, facial dysmorphism (a highly arched palate, pointed chin, and small mouth, hypotelorism, a long nose and large protruding ears), arachnodactyly, hypogenitalism (undescended testes and hypospadias) and failure to thrive.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	6
A developmental disorder characterized by typical craniofacial features, prenatal and postnatal growth impairment, intellectual disability, severe delayed psychomotor development, seizures, and hypotonia.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by the association of camptodactyly, multiple eye defects (fibrosis of the medial rectus muscle, severe myopia, ptosis and exophthalmos), scoliosis, flexion contractures and facial anomalies (arched eyebrows, facial asymmetry with an abnormal skull shape, a prominent nose, small mouth, low-set and dysplastic ears, and a low nuchal hairline).	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	4
A rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by the association of camptodactyly, multiple eye defects (fibrosis of the medial rectus muscle, severe myopia, ptosis and exophthalmos), scoliosis, flexion contractures and facial anomalies (arched eyebrows, facial asymmetry with an abnormal skull shape, a prominent nose, small mouth, low-set and dysplastic ears, and a low nuchal hairline).	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	6
A very rare syndrome described in three siblings of one Japanese family and characterized by congenital heart disease, round face with depressed nasal bridge, small mouth, short stature, and relatively dark skin and typical dermatoglyphic anomalies, and intellectual deficit.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Cranio-cerebello-cardiac (3C) syndrome is a rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterised by craniofacial (prominent occiput and forehead, hypertelorism, ocular coloboma, cleft palate), cerebellar (Dandy-Walker malformation, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia) and cardiac (tetralogy of Fallot, atrial and ventricular septal defects) anomalies.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	4
A very rare genetic disorder characterized by the following congenital malformations: hydrocephalus (due to Dandy-Walker anomaly), cleft palate, and severe joint contractures.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	10
Cranio-cerebello-cardiac (3C) syndrome is a rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterised by craniofacial (prominent occiput and forehead, hypertelorism, ocular coloboma, cleft palate), cerebellar (Dandy-Walker malformation, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia) and cardiac (tetralogy of Fallot, atrial and ventricular septal defects) anomalies.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	5
Orofaciodigital syndrome type 11 is an extremely rare, sporadic form of Orofaciodigital syndrome with only a few reported cases, and characterized by facial (blepharophimosis, bulbous nasal tip, broad nasal bridge, downslanting palpebral fissures and low set ears) and skeletal (post-axial polydactyly and fusion of vertebrae) malformations along with severe intellectual disability, deafness and congenital heart defects.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	9
Oral-facial-digital syndrome, type 9 is characterized by highly arched palate with bifid tongue and bilateral supernumerary lower canines, hamartomatous tongue, multiple frenula, hypertelorism, telecanthus, strabismus, broad and/or bifid nasal tip, short stature, bifid halluces, forked metatarsal, poly- and syndactyly, mild intellectual deficit and specific retinal abnormalities (bilateral optic disc coloboma and retinal dysplasia with partial detachment).	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	7
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Cantu type is an extremely rare type of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia described in about 5 patients to date and characterized by clinical signs including short stature, peculiar facies with blepharophimosis, upward slanted eyes, abundant eyebrows and eyelashes, coarse voice, and short hands and feet (brachymetacarpalia, brachymetatarsia and brachyphalangia).	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	5
X-linked intellectual disability, Seemanova type is characterised by microcephaly, intellectual deficit, growth retardation and hypogenitalism. It has been described in four boys from one family. A characteristic facies and ophthalmologic anomalies were also present and included microphthalmia, microcornea and cataract. Transmission is X-linked.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
X-linked intellectual disability, Shashi type is characterized by moderate intellectual deficit, obesity, macroorchidism and a characteristic facies (large ears, a prominent lower lip and puffy eyelids). It has been described in nine boys from two families. Transmission is X-linked and the causative gene has been localized to the q21.3-q27 region of the X chromosome.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
X-linked intellectual disability, Siderius type is characterized by mild to borderline intellectual deficit associated with cleft lip/palate. Preaxial polydactyly, large hands and cryptorchidism are sometimes present. The syndrome has been described in seven boys from two families. Transmission is X-linked and the syndrome is caused by mutations in the PHF8 gene, localized to the p11.21 region of the X chromosome.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
X-linked intellectual disability, Stevenson type is characterized by intellectual deficit, hypotonia, absent deep tendon reflexes, tapered fingers and excessive fingerprint arches, genu valgum, a characteristic face and small teeth. It has been described in four males from two generations of one family. The causative gene appears to be located in the q13 region of the X chromosome.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
X-linked intellectual disability, Stoll type is characterized by intellectual deficit, short stature and characteristic facies (hypertelorism, prominent forehead, frontal bossing, a broad nasal tip and anteverted nares). It has been described in four males from three generations of the same family. Two females from this family also displayed intellectual deficit and the characteristic facies. Transmission is X-linked.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by moderate to severe intellectual disability, neurologic signs and symptoms (such as seizures, spasticity, strabismus), characteristic dysmorphic facial features (including broad forehead, hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, broad and flat nasal bridge, midline notch of upper lip, lack of upper central incisors, incomplete oral cleft, and prominent mandible), and acne scars. Hearing impairment, pseudo-bulbar palsy, growth retardation, and skeletal anomalies (camptodactyly, clinodactyly, bilateral cubitus valgus, pes cavus/planus) have also been described.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
14q11.2 microdeletion syndrome is a recently described syndrome characterized by developmental delay, hypotonia and facial dysmorphism.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
Carpenter Waziri syndrome	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
X-linked intellectual disability-cubitus valgus-dysmorphism syndrome is characterized by moderate intellectual deficit, marked cubitus valgus, mild microcephaly, a short philtrum, deep-set eyes, downslanting palpebral fissures and multiple nevi. Less than ten individuals have been described so far. Transmission is thought to be X-linked recessive.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
X-linked intellectual disability, Stevenson type is characterized by intellectual deficit, hypotonia, absent deep tendon reflexes, tapered fingers and excessive fingerprint arches, genu valgum, a characteristic face and small teeth. It has been described in four males from two generations of one family. The causative gene appears to be located in the q13 region of the X chromosome.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
14q11.2 microdeletion syndrome is a recently described syndrome characterized by developmental delay, hypotonia and facial dysmorphism.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	5
X-linked intellectual disability-epilepsy-progressive joint contractures-dysmorphism syndrome is characterized by intellectual deficit, epilepsy, facial dysmorphism and progressive joint contractures. It has been described in two boys. Hypotonia and feeding problems at birth were also reported. The mode of transmission is X-linked.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterised by severe to profound intellectual disability, muscular hypotonia in childhood, delayed walking, delayed or minimal/absent speech, behavioural abnormalities including aggressiveness, agitation, and self-injurious behaviour, and dysmorphic facial features (such as triangular face with high forehead, prominent ears, and small, pointed chin). Additional reported manifestations include microcephaly, short stature, and seizures, among others.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
A rare primary bone dysplasia characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation and short stature in association with craniofacial dysmorphism (such as large forehead, triangular face, low-set ears, and micro-retrognathism) and osteochondrodysplastic lesions. Radiographic findings include epiphyseal maturation delay, abnormal metaphyses, a narrow thorax, small pelvis, and short and broad metacarpal bones and phalanges. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1996.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
X-linked intellectual disability-cubitus valgus-dysmorphism syndrome is characterized by moderate intellectual deficit, marked cubitus valgus, mild microcephaly, a short philtrum, deep-set eyes, downslanting palpebral fissures and multiple nevi. Less than ten individuals have been described so far. Transmission is thought to be X-linked recessive.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
A rare disorder characterized by pterygium colli, digital anomalies (abnormal small thumbs, widened interphalangeal joints, and broad terminal phalanges), and craniofacial abnormalities (brachycephaly, epicanthic folds, angulated eyebrows, upward slanting of the palpebral fissures, ptosis, hypertelorism, and prominent low-set, posteriorly rotated ears). It has been described in a woman and her son, but the manifestations were much less severe in the mother. The son also had intellectual deficit. The inheritance is either X-linked dominant or autosomal dominant.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
An X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by intellectual disability, subcortical cerebral atrophy, dental anomalies, patella luxation, lower back skin dimple, and dysmorphic facial features.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	5
Smith Fineman Myers syndrome	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
A rare genetic disorder characterized by craniosynostosis, craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities, marfanoid habitus, cardiac anomalies, neurological abnormalities, and intellectual disability.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	6
A lethal skeletal osteochondrodysplasia characterized by severe generalized osteosclerosis.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	7
Pelviscapular dysplasia (Cousin syndrome) is characterized by the association of pelviscapular dysplasia with epiphyseal abnormalities, congenital dwarfism and facial dysmorphism.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Microcephaly-brachydactyly-kyphoscoliosis syndrome is characterized by profound intellectual deficit in association with microcephaly, short stature, brachydactyly type D, a flattened occiput, downslanting palpebral fissures, low-set large ears, a broad prominent nose and kyphoscoliosis. It has been described in three sisters. The disorder is likely to be transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	6
An extremely rare polymalformative syndrome.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
Branchioskeletogenital syndrome is a rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by moderate intellectual disability, distinctive craniofacial features (including brachycephaly, facial asymmetry, marked hypertelorism, blepharochalasis, proptosis, a broad nose with concave nasal ridge and bulbous nasal tip, midface hypoplasia, bifid uvula or partial cleft palate, and prognathism), progressive dental anomalies (dentigerous cysts, radicular dentin dysplasia and early tooth loss), vertebral fusions (particularly of C2-C3), and hypospadias. Hearing loss is an additional observed feature.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	4
Microcephalus and intellectual disability with phalangeal and neurological anomaly syndrome	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
Microcephaly-facio-cardio-skeletal syndrome, Hadziselimovic type is a rare syndrome with cardiac malformations, characterized by prenatal-onset growth retardation (low birth weight and short stature), hypotonia, developmental delay and intellectual disability associated with microcephaly and craniofacial (low anterior hairline, hypotelorism, thick lips with carp-shaped mouth, high-arched palate, low-set ears), cardiac and skeletal (hypoplastic thumbs and first metacarpals) abnormalities.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	6
An extremely rare arthrogryposis syndrome, described in only two pairs of siblings from two unrelated families to date, and characterized by the association of arthrogryposis, congenital torticollis, dysmorphic facial features (i.e. asymmetry of the face, myopathic facial movements, ptosis, posteriorly rotated ears, cleft palate), progressive scoliosis and episodes of malignant hyperthermia. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1988.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	5
Microcephaly-cleft palate-abnormal retinal pigmentation syndrome is a rare orofacial clefting syndrome characterized by microcephaly, cleft of the secondary palate and other variable abnormalities, including abnormal retinal pigmentation, facial dysmorphism with hypotelorism and maxillary hypoplasia. Goiter, camptodactyly, abnormal dermatoglyphics and mild intellectual disability may also be associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1983.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
A rare, genetic, multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by the association of cleft palate, peculiar facies (asymmetrical appearance, inner epicanthal folds, short nose, anteverted nostrils, low and back-oriented ears, thin upper lip and micrognathism), short stature, short neck, vertebral anomalies and intellectual disability. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1993.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	4
A rare central nervous system malformation characterized by severe intellectual deficit, early hypotonia with progression to spasticity and contractures, choreoathetosis, seizures, dysmorphic face (long face with prominent forehead), and brain imaging abnormalities such as Dandy-Walker malformation, and iron deposition.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	6
A rare, genetic, multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by the association of cleft palate, peculiar facies (asymmetrical appearance, inner epicanthal folds, short nose, anteverted nostrils, low and back-oriented ears, thin upper lip and micrognathism), short stature, short neck, vertebral anomalies and intellectual disability. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1993.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
A very rare syndrome characterized by the association of gingival fibromatosis and craniofacial dysmorphism.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A rare, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by severe intellectual deficit, brachycephaly, plagiocephaly, and prominent forehead in male patients. Females may display moderate intellectual deficit without craniofacial dysmorphism. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1992.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	4
This syndrome is characterized by cardiac arrhythmias (ventricular extrasystoles manifesting as bigeminy or multifocal tachycardia with syncopal episodes), perodactyly (hypoplasia and/or agenesis of the distal phalanges of the toes) and Pierre-Robin sequence.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	6
The 8q22.1 microdeletion syndrome or Nablus mask-like facial syndrome is a rare microdeletion syndrome associated with a distinct facial appearance.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by developmental delay, neuropathic visceral dysmotility (resulting in neurogenic megacystis and sometimes chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndrome), intracerebral calcifications, and dysmorphic facial features (including broad forehead, downslanted palpebral fissures, strabismus, protruding and low-set ears, and retrognathia). Microcephaly and renal abnormalities have also been reported.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	4
Wilson-Turner syndrome (WTS) is a very rare X-linked multisystem genetic disease characterized by intellectual disability, truncal obesity, gynecomastia, hypogonadism, dysmorphic facial features, and short stature.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Ulbright-Hodes syndrome is characterized by renal dysplasia, growth retardation, phocomelia or mesomelia, radiohumeral fusion, rib abnormalities, anomalies of the external genitalia and a Potter-like facies. The syndrome has been described in three infants (one pair of siblings and an unrelated case), all of whom died shortly after birth from respiratory distress resulting from pulmonary hypoplasia and oligohydramnios caused by renal dysplasia. The mode of transmission appears to be autosomal recessive.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	5
Van den Ende-Gupta syndrome is a very rare syndrome characterized by blepharophimosis, arachnodactyly, joint contractures, and characteristic dysmorphic features.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
A rare congenital malformation syndrome characterized by ulnar hypoplasia associated with hypoplastic to absent fourth and/or fifth digits, fibular hypoplasia, short stature and facial dysmorphism.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	5
Chromosome Xq28 trisomy	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
Tel Hashomer camptodactyly syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by camptodactyly, muscle hypoplasia and weakness, skeletal anomalies, facial dysmorphism and abnormal dermatoglyphics.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	5
Camptodactyly syndrome, Guadalajara type 1 is a rare syndrome consisting of growth retardation, facial dysmorphism, camptodactyly and skeletal anomalies.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	6
A rare congenital malformation syndrome characterized by the association of facial and skeletal anomalies with severe intellectual deficit and occasional genitourinary anomalies.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	5
A very rare acrofacial dysostosis characterized by short stature, acrocephaly, ocular hypertelorism, ptosis of eyelids, ocular proptosis, downslanting palpebral fissures, high nasal bridge, anteverted nostrils, short philtrum, cleft palate, micrognathia, abnormal external ears, preauricular pits, mixed hearing loss, bulbous digits, metatarsus varus, pectus excavatum and various radiological abnormalities. Features of this syndrome were reported to overlap with otopalatodigital syndrome types 1 and 2. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1988.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	5
An extremely rare lethal autosomal recessive disorder characterized by massive birth weight, swollen globular body, generalized edema, short limbs, postaxial polydactyly, thick skin, facial dysmorphism (slanted palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, epicanthic folds, dysplastic ears), excessive connective tissue, renal dysplasia, and in some patients, organomegaly, craniosynostosis with acrocephaly, omphalocele, cleft palate, and cryptorchidism. Fewer than 10 cases have been reported to date.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
Acromegaloid facial appearance syndrome (disorder)	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A very rare disorder associating pseudopapilledema (optic disc swelling not secondary to increased intracranial pressure), mixed hearing loss, facial dysmorphism and limb extremity anomalies.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
A multiple congenital developmental anomalies syndrome characterized by arachnodactyly of fingers and toes associated with craniofacial dysmorphism (including abnormal cranial ossification, frontal bossing, flat calvaria, shallow deformed orbits resulting in exophthalmos, midface hypoplasia and micrognathia), feeding difficulties in infancy, infantile muscular hypotonia, and developmental delay leading to intellectual disability.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphism (brachycephaly, long, narrow, triangular face, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, flat philtrum, microstomia, thin lips, hypoplastic maxilla), marfanoid habitus with arachnodactyly, and moderate to severe intellectual disability. Additional features may include clinodactyly, triphalangeal thumbs, hammer-shaped toes, hyperextensible joints, hypotonia, hyperreflexia and underdeveloped musculature. Delayed external genitalia development, as well as seizures and mitral regurgitation have been reported in some cases. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1995.	Finding site	True	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), postnatal failure to thrive, severe feeding difficulties, microcephaly/trigonocephaly, facial dysmorphism, a recognizable upper limb posture and severe developmental delay. The upper limb posture consists of internal rotation of the shoulders, flexion of the elbows, ulnar deviation of wrists and/or metacarpophalangeal joints.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
A rare developmental anomaly characterized by brachytelephalangy, distinct craniofacial features (prominent square forehead, telecanthus, small nose, malar hypoplasia, smooth philtrum and thin upper lip) and, relative to other family members, short stature. These features may be associated with anosmia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (Kallman syndrome). There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1986.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
A very rare multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by the presence of anophthalmia or severe microphthalmia, cleft lip/palate, facial cleft and sacral neural tube defects, along with various additional anomalies including congenital glaucoma, iris coloboma, primary hyperplastic vitreous, hypertelorism, low-set ears, clinodactyly, choanal atresia/stenosis, dysgenesis of sacrum, tethering of spinal cord, syringomyelia, hypoplasia of corpus callosum, cerebral ventriculomegaly and endocrine abnormalities. An autosomal recessive inheritance has been suggested.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A multiple congenital developmental anomalies syndrome characterized by arachnodactyly of fingers and toes associated with craniofacial dysmorphism (including abnormal cranial ossification, frontal bossing, flat calvaria, shallow deformed orbits resulting in exophthalmos, midface hypoplasia and micrognathia), feeding difficulties in infancy, infantile muscular hypotonia, and developmental delay leading to intellectual disability.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphism (brachycephaly, long, narrow, triangular face, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, flat philtrum, microstomia, thin lips, hypoplastic maxilla), marfanoid habitus with arachnodactyly, and moderate to severe intellectual disability. Additional features may include clinodactyly, triphalangeal thumbs, hammer-shaped toes, hyperextensible joints, hypotonia, hyperreflexia and underdeveloped musculature. Delayed external genitalia development, as well as seizures and mitral regurgitation have been reported in some cases. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1995.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
Cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia or Pascual-Castroviejo syndrome type 1 is a rare syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphism, intellectual deficit and costovertebral abnormalities.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
A type of arthrogryposis characterized by congenital cleft palate, microcephaly, craniostenosis and arthrogryposis (limitation of extension of elbows, flexed adducted thumbs, camptodactyly and clubfeet). Additional features include facial dysmorphism (myopathic stiff face, antimongoloid slanting, external ophthalmoplegia, telecanthus, low-set large malrotated ears, open mouth, microgenia and high arched palate). Velopharyngeal insufficiency with difficulties in swallowing, increased secretion of the nose and throat, prominent occiput, generalized muscular hypotonia with mild cyanosis and no spontaneous movements, seizures, torticollis, areflexia, intellectual disability, hypertrichosis of the lower extremities, and scleredema are also observed. The disease often leads to early death. Transmission is autosomal recessive. No new cases have been described since 1983.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	6
A rare malformation syndrome that is characterized by short stature, hypoplastic fifth digits with tiny dysplastic nails, facial dysmorphism with coarse features including a wide mouth and broad nose, and mild intellectual disability. It has been suggested that Coffin-Siris syndrome and BOD syndrome are perhaps allelic variants.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	5
A rare malformation disorder characterized by sagittal craniosynostosis, Dandy-Walker malformation, hydrocephalus, craniofacial dysmorphism (including dolichocephaly, hypertelorism, micrognathia, positional ear deformity) and variable developmental delay.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	11
Craniosynostosis with facial dysmorphism and brachydactyly syndrome	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	6
Craniosynostosis-intracranial calcifications syndrome is a form of syndromic craniosynostosis characterized by pancraniosynostosis, head circumference below the mid-parental head circumference, mild facial dysmorphism (prominent supraorbital ridges, mild proptosis and maxillary hypoplasia) and calcification of the basal ganglia. The disease is associated with a favorable neurological outcome, normal intelligence and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	6
Cernunnos-XLF deficiency is a rare form of combined immunodeficiency characterized by microcephaly, growth retardation, and T and B cell lymphopenia.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
Fountain syndrome is an extremely rare multi-systemic genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, deafness, skeletal abnormalities and coarse facial features.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
A rare primary bone dysplasia characterized by megalocornea, multiple skeletal anomalies, characteristic facial dysmorphism (wide fontanels, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, prominent eyes, full cheeks and micrognathia) and developmental delay.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	5
A form of ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by a short stature of prenatal onset, alopecia, ichthyosis, photophobia, ectrodactyly, seizures, scoliosis, multiple contractures, fusions of various bones (particularly elbows, carpals, metacarpals, and spine), intellectual disability, and facial dysmorphism (microdolichocephaly, madarosis, large ears and long nose). ACD syndrome overlaps with ichthyosis follicularis-alopecia-photophobia syndrome.	Finding site	False	Face structure	Inferred relationship	Some	4

Start Previous Page 18 of 25 Next End

Reference Sets

Anatomy structure and entire association reference set (foundation metadata concept)

Back to Start

Id	Description	Lang	Type	Status	Case?	Module
148464015	Face	en	Synonym (core metadata concept)	Active	Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept)	SNOMED CT core
508558018	Face structure	en	Synonym (core metadata concept)	Active	Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept)	SNOMED CT core
832461013	Face structure (body structure)	en	Fully specified name	Active	Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept)	SNOMED CT core
2846241000005113	Ansigtsstruktur	da	Synonym (core metadata concept)	Active	Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept)	Danish module (core metadata concept)