| Inbound Relationships |
Type |
Active |
Source |
Characteristic |
Refinability |
Group |
| A rare genetic adrenal disorder with characteristics of congenital bronzed hyperpigmentation, cutis laxa of the hands and feet, body disproportion (comprising large hands, feet, nose and ears), hirsutism and severe intellectual disability. Patients additionally present hyperadrenocorticism, cushingoid features, premature adrenarche and diabetes mellitus, as well as skeletal deformities (not present at birth and which progress with age). There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1981. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| An extremely rare developmental defect during embryogenesis malformation syndrome with congenital muscular torticollis associated with skin anomalies (such as multiple keloids, pigmented nevi, epithelioma), urogenital malformations (including cryptorchidism and hypospadias) and renal dysplasia (for example chronic pyelonephritis, renal atrophy). Additional reported features include varicose veins, intellectual disability and musculoskeletal anomalies. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| RAB18 deficiency causes two disorders with similar signs and symptoms; Warburg micro syndrome and Martsolf syndrome. Both of these diseases are considered to be part of the same disease spectrum because of similar features and shared genetic cause. Manifestations include eye problems from birth including cataracts, microphthalmia and microcornea, intellectual disability, delayed development hypotonia, spasticity and joint contractures. Martsolf syndrome affects the same body systems as Warburg micro syndrome but is usually less severe. RAB18 deficiency is caused by mutations in the RAB3GAP1, RAB3GAP2, RAB18, or TBC1D20 gene. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare hereditary syndromic intellectual disability with characteristics of craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities in association with mild intellectual disability in females and early postnatal lethality in males. In addition to mild cognitive impairment, females present with microcephaly, short stature, skeletal features and extra temporal lobe gyrus. In males, intrauterine growth impairment, cardiac and urogenital anomalies have been reported. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Microcephaly, polymicrogyria, corpus callosum agenesis syndrome (disorder) |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Hydrocephalus, blue sclera, nephropathy syndrome |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic X-linked syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterized by mild to severe intellectual disability, infancy-onset seizures, post-natal microcephaly, cerebral cortical malformations, dysmorphic facial features (including long, narrow face, almond-shaped palpebral fissures, epicanthic folds, high nasal bridge, malar flattening, posteriorly rotated ears, high arched palate, crowded teeth, micrognathia) and thin body habitus. Long and slim fingers/toes, strabismus, hypotonia, spasticity, optic disc atrophy, and behavioral problems (aggression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and irritability) are additional features. Caused by hemizygous mutation in the NSDHL gene on chromosome Xq28. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic cranial malformation syndrome with characteristics of premature fusion of multiple or all calvarial sutures (resulting in variable abnormal shape of the head), midface hypoplasia, delayed and ectopic tooth eruption and supernumerary teeth. Associated facial dysmorphism includes proptosis, hypertelorism, beaked nose, and relative prognathism. Variable digital anomalies (for example finger and/or toe syndactyly, clinodactyly), short stature, cognitive and/or motor delay, high palate, ear deformity and conductive hearing loss have also been reported. There is evidence this disease is caused by homozygous mutation in the IL11RA gene on chromosome 9p13. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic syndromic intellectual disability disorder with a variable phenotypic presentation. Typical characteristics are microcephaly, severe feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, severe global development delay that frequently results in absent/poor speech, moderate to profound intellectual disability, hypotonia and a distinctive facies that includes prominent forehead, high-arched, thin eyebrows, hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, long, tubular nose with broad tip and prominent nasal bridge and wide mouth with full, everted lower lip. Caused by heterozygous mutation in the ASXL3 gene on chromosome 18q12. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare hereditary cerebral malformation with epilepsy syndrome with characteristics of severe global developmental delay with no ability to walk and no verbal language, intractable epilepsy, partial agenesis of the corpus callosum and cerebellar vermis hypoplasia with posterior fossa cysts. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Spondylocostal dysostosis, hypospadias, intellectual disability syndrome |
Is a |
False |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic disease with characteristics of symmetrical muscular hypertrophy, hepatomegaly, polyhydramnios, macrocephaly and mild delay in motor, speech and language development. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare developmental defect during embryogenesis syndrome with characteristics of hypertelorism, bilateral preauricular sinus, bilateral punctal pits, lacrimal duct obstruction, hearing loss, abnormal palmar flexion creases and bilateral distal axial triradii. Shawl scrotum has also been reported. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare potentially fatal genetic visceral malformation syndrome characterized by neonatal diabetes, hypoplastic or annular pancreas, duodenal and jejunal atresia as well as gallbladder aplasia or hypoplasia. Patients typically present intrauterine growth restriction, failure to thrive, malnutrition, intestinal malrotation, malabsorption, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, acholia and infections. Cardiac anomalies may also be associated. There is evidence the disease is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the RFX6 gene on chromosome 6q22. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic dysostosis disorder with characteristics of brachydactyly and other finger/toe anomalies (short and/or wide metacarpals, abnormal or absent metatarsals, broad halluces), carpal synostosis, fused cervical vertebrae, scoliosis and spina bifida occulta. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1984. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome with characteristics of male, 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis, cleft palate, micrognathia, conotruncal heart defects and unspecific skeletal, brain and kidney anomalies. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| An extremely rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome with characteristics of micrognathia, short webbed neck, hypoplastic nipples and joint contractures (which improve over time) of the knees and elbows. In addition, sloping shoulders, mild to moderate hearing loss, mild speech impairment and facies with hypertelorism, short philtrum and tented upper lip may be associated. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic central nervous system malformation syndrome characterized by bilateral congenital cataracts and severe hemorrhagic destruction of the brain parenchyma with associated massive cystic degeneration, enlarged ventricles and subependymal calcification. Patients typically present generalized spasticity, increased deep tendon reflexes and seizures. Hepatomegaly and renal anomalies have also been reported. Caused by homozygous mutation in the JAM3 gene on chromosome 11q25. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome with characteristics of cerebellar-like ataxia, photosensitivity (mainly of the face and trunk), short stature and intellectual disability. Additional features include clinodactyly, single palmar transverse crease, high-arched palate, pseudohypertrophy of the calves and aortic valve lesions. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1983. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| An extremely rare developmental defect during embryogenesis malformation syndrome with characteristics of bands of extensile tissue connecting the margins of the upper and lower eyelids in association with anal atresia. Patients may additionally present cleft palate, hydrocephalus and meningomyelocele. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1993. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare developmental defect during embryogenesis with characteristics of ventral, unilateral or bilateral protrusion of extraperitoneal fat, peritoneum and/or intra-abdominal organs through a defect in the spigelian fascia (spigelian hernia), associated with ipsilateral or bilateral undescended testis (usually found within or just beneath the hernial sac) in male neonates. The gubernaculum and/or inguinal canal may be absent. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic syndromic renal malformation with characteristics of cystic renal dysplasia with or without prenatal oligohydramnios, central nervous system abnormalities (commonly Dandy-Walker malformation), congenital hepatic fibrosis and absence of polydactyly. There is evidence the disease is caused by homozygous mutation in the NPHP3 gene on chromosome 3q22. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic neural tube defect malformation syndrome with characteristics of sacral agenesis and abnormal vertebral body ossification with normal vertebral arches associated with notochord canal persistence on ultrasonography. Additional findings include bilateral clubfoot, oligohydramnios, and single umbilical artery and in some cases increased nuchal translucency. There is evidence the disease can be caused by homozygous mutation in the T gene on chromosome 6q27. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic cutaneous disorder with characteristics of leukonychia and multiple recurrent pilar cysts associated or not with ciliar dystrophy and/or koilonychia. Renal calculi have also been reported. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare skin disease characterized by the association of sebaceous nevus and aplasia cutis congenita (usually on the scalp and face) in conjunction with limbal dermoid of the eye, a giant congenital melanocytic nevus and variable central nervous system abnormalities including seizures, hydrocephalus, neurocutaneous melanosis, arachnoid cysts, and diffuse unilateral hemisphere enlargement. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare skin disorder with characteristics of the co-occurrence of sebaceous naevi with aplasia cutis congenita located directly adjacent or in close proximity and ocular abnormalities including limbal dermoids and coloboma of the conjunctiva. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Colobomatous microphthalmia, obesity, hypogenitalism, intellectual disability syndrome |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic syndromic sterol biosynthesis disorder affecting males. The disease has characteristics of skin manifestations including collodion membrane, ichthyosis and patchy hypopigmented lesions associated with severe neurological involvement (for example intellectual disability, delayed psychomotor development, seizures, hydrocephalus, cerebellar/corpus callosum hypoplasia, Dandy-Walker malformation, hypotonia) and craniofacial dysmorphism (large anterior fontanelle, telecanthus, hypertelorism, microphthalmia, prominent nasal bridge, low-set ears, micrognathia, cleft palate). Toe syndactyly, polydactyly and kyphosis as well as ophthalmic, cardiac and urogenital anomalies may also be associated. There is evidence the disease is caused by hemizygous mutation in the EBP gene on chromosome Xp11. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare central nervous system malformation with characteristics of a specific pattern of congenital anomalies affecting the pons, medulla, and cerebellum. Clinical manifestations of multiple cranial nerves deficits, pyramidal and cerebellar signs include neonatal hypotonia, ataxia, sensorineural deafness, reduced vision, language and speech disorders, feeding and swallowing difficulties, facial paralysis and intellectual disability. Various cardiac, gastrointestinal, genitourinary and skeletal defects have been reported. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic central nervous system malformation syndrome with characteristics of congenital progressive microcephaly, neonatal to infancy-onset of severe intractable seizures and diffuse cerebral cortex and cerebellar vermis atrophy with mild cerebellar hemisphere atrophy associated with profound global developmental delay. Hypotonia or hypertonia with brisk reflexes, variable dysmorphic facial features, ophthalmological signs (cortical visual impairment, nystagmus, eye deviation) and episodes of sudden extreme agitation caused by severe illness may also be associated. Caused by compound heterozygous mutation in the QARS gene on chromosome 3p21. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare multiple congenital defects/dysmorphic syndrome with characteristics of variable degrees of bony syngnathia associated with variable additional abnormalities including growth retardation, intellectual disability, microcephaly, iris coloboma, nystagmus, deafness and vertebral segmentation defects. Also associated with genital, limb and additional facial malformations. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare syndromic developmental defect during embryogenesis with characteristics of urinary tract and kidney anomalies such as renal pelvicaliceal attenuation with multiple tiny caliceal diverticula, associated with sensorineural hearing loss. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1981. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic syndromic intellectual disability disorder with characteristics of congenital external nuclear ophthalmoplegia, lingua scrotalis, progressive chorioretinal sclerosis and intellectual disability. Bilateral ptosis, bilateral facial weakness, Parinaud syndrome, convergence paresis and myopia may be associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1975. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic myotonic syndrome characterized by childhood onset of progressive and severe myotonia (with generalized muscular hypertrophy and progressive impairment of gait) short stature, skeletal abnormalities (including pectus carinatum, short, wedge-shaped thoracolumbar vertebrae, kyphoscoliosis, genu valgum, irregular femoral epiphyses) and mild to moderate intellectual deficiency. Facial dysmorphism and joint limitation are not associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1984. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome with the association of short stature and progressive discrete subaortic stenosis. Additional variable manifestations include upturned nose, voice and vocal cord abnormalities, obstructive lung disease, inguinal hernia, kyphoscoliosis and occasionally epicanthus, strabismus, microphthalmos and widely spaced teeth. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1984. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| An extremely rare lethal multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome with characteristics of renal agenesis with Potter sequence, cleft lip/palate, oral synechiae, cardiac defects, and skeletal abnormalities including postaxial polydactyly. Intestinal nonfixation and intrauterine growth restriction are also associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1988. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare developmental defect during embryogenesis syndrome with characteristics of glabellar capillary malformation, congenital communicating hydrocephalus and posterior fossa brain abnormalities, including Dandy-Walker malformation, cerebellar vermis agenesis, and mega cisterna magna. Seizures are occasionally associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1979. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare genetic congenital muscular alpha-dystroglycanopathy with brain and eye anomalies. The disorder has characteristics of a severe muscle-eye-brain disease-like phenotype associated with intellectual disability, muscular dystrophy, macrocephaly and extended bilateral multicystic white matter disease. There is evidence the disease is caused by homozygous mutation in the DAG1 gene on chromosome 3p21. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Prune belly syndrome with pulmonic stenosis, intellectual disability and deafness (disorder) |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Cross syndrome |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Focal dermal hypoplasia |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| VATER association |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Schwartz-Jampel syndrome |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare congenital neurological disorder with characteristics of the association of partial bilateral aniridia with non-progressive cerebellar ataxia and intellectual disability. Aniridia is visible at birth as fixed dilated pupils. Non-progressive cerebellar ataxia is associated with delayed developmental milestones and hypotonia, gait and balance disorders with incoordination, intention tremor and scanning speech. Sporadic and familial cases have been observed. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Megacystis, microcolon, hypoperistalsis syndrome |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Potocki-Shaffer syndrome has characteristics of multiple exostoses, parietal foramina, enlargement of the anterior fontanelle and occasionally intellectual deficit and mild cranio-facial anomalies. The syndrome is caused by contiguous gene deletions on the short arm of chromosome 11 (11p11.2). |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Septo-optic dysplasia sequence (disorder) |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Prader-Willi syndrome |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| 11p15 deletion syndrome |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| 12q15 deletion syndrome (disorder) |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Stickler syndrome |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| 12q24.31-q24.32 deletion syndrome |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Microcephaly-microcornea syndrome, Seemanova type is characterized by microcephaly and brachycephaly, eye anomalies (microphthalmia, microcornea, congenital cataract), hypogenitalism, severe intellectual deficit, growth retardation and progressive spasticity. It has been described in two patients (a male and his sister's son). Both patients also presented with facial dysmorphism, including upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, highly arched palate, microstomia, and retrognathia. This syndrome is transmitted as an X-linked trait. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Distal monosomy 10q is a chromosomal anomaly involving terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 10 and is characterized by facial dysmorphism, pre- and postnatal growth retardation, cardiac and genital anomalies, and developmental delay. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| The newly described 2q23.1 microdeletion syndrome includes severe intellectual deficit with pronounced speech delay, behavioral abnormalities including hyperactivity and inappropriate laughter, short stature and seizures. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| 7p22.1 microduplication syndrome is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, resulting from a partial interstitial microduplication of the short arm of chromosome 7, characterized by intellectual disability, psychomotor and speech delays, craniofacial dysmorphism (including macrocephaly, frontal bossing, hypertelorism, abnormally slanted palpebral fissures, anteverted nares, low-set ears, microretrognathia) and cryptorchidism. Cardiac (e.g., patent foramen ovale and atrial septal defect), as well as renal, skeletal and ocular abnormalities may also be associated. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| 1q44 microdeletion syndrome is a newly described syndrome associated with facial dysmorphism, developmental delay, in particular of expressive speech, seizures and hypotonia. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| 1q41q42 microdeletion syndrome is a chromosomal anomaly characterized by a severe developmental delay and/or intellectual disability, typical facial dysmorphic features, brain anomalies, seizures, cleft palate, clubfeet, nail hypoplasia and congenital heart disease. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, resulting from the partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 22, outside the DiGeorge critical region. The phenotype is characterized by prematurity, pre- and post-natal growth retardation, developmental delay (particularly speech), mild intellectual disability, variable cardiac defects, and minor skeletal anomalies (such as clinodactyly). Dysmorphic features present in half of the individuals include microcephaly, arched eyebrows, deep set eyes, narrow upslanting palpebral fissures, ear abnormalities (low-set ears, tags and pits), hypoplastic alae nasi, smooth philtrum, down-turned mouth, thin upper lip, retro/micrognathia and pointed chin. For certain very distal deletions including the SMARCB1 gene, there is a risk of developing malignant rhabdoid tumors. Most deletions are de novo. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| An autosomal anomaly with characteristics of variable clinical features, most commonly including global developmental delay, hypotonia, growth retardation with microcephaly, intellectual disability with severe speech delay, seizures or abnormal EEG, autistic spectrum disorder and other behavioural characteristics. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare autosomal anomaly syndrome with a highly variable phenotype and typical characteristics of short length, joint abnormalities (for example dysplasia, hyperextensibility, contractures, dislocation), congenital cardiac defects, and craniofacial dysmorphism (including microcephaly, a high prominent narrow and/or hairy forehead, epicanthus, upward-slanting and/or small palpebral fissures, broad high or depressed nasal bridge and malformed ears). Delayed motor development and intellectual disability is observed in patients not presenting early demise. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| The association of a broad clinical spectrum and a duplication of the region that is deleted in patients with DiGeorge or velocardiofacial, establishing a complementary duplication syndrome. The clinical presentation of patients is extremely variable and shares features with 22q11.2 deletion syndromes including heart defects, urogenital abnormalities, velopharyngeal insufficiency with or without cleft palate, and ranging from multiple defects to mild learning difficulties with some individuals being essentially normal. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Distal trisomy 22q is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, resulting from the partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome 22, with variable phenotype principally characterized by varying degrees of intellectual disability and developmental delay, pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, hypotonia, and craniofacial dysmorphism (including microcephaly, hypertelorism, narrow and upslanted palpebral fissures, epicanthic folds, low-set dysplastic ears, broad and depressed nasal bridge, cleft lip and/or palate, long philtrum, retro/micrognathia). Congenital heart defects, as well as cerebral, skeletal, renal and genital anomalies, have also been reported. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, resulting from the partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome 22, with a highly variable phenotype principally characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral anomalies, and non-specific craniofacial dysmorphism. Congenital heart malformations, visual and hearing impairment, urogenital abnormalities, and seizures have also been reported. Penetrance is incomplete. In 70% of cases, the duplication is inherited from an asymptomatic parent. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Mosaic trisomy 22 is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, with a highly variable phenotype, principally characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth delay, mild to severe intellectual disability, hemiatrophy, webbed neck, ocular and cutaneous pigmentary anomalies, craniofacial dysmorphic features (e.g. microcephaly, upslanted palpebral fissures, ptosis, ear malformations, flat nasal bridge, micrognathia) and cardiac abnormalities (including ventricular and atrial septal defect, pulmonary or aortic stenosis). Hearing loss and limb malformations (e.g. cubitus valgus, syn/brachydactyly), as well as renal and genital anomalies, have also been reported. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Tetrasomy 21 is an extremely rare autosomal anomaly resulting from the presence of 4 copies of chromosome 21, characterized by features of trisomy 21 including developmental delay/intellectual disability, muscular hypotonia, short neck with redundant skin, brachycephaly, microcephaly, flat face, epicanthus, upslanted palpebral fissures, small ears, protruding tongue, single transverse palmar crease, brachydactyly, hypoplastic iliac wings, together with additional features such as prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation, high and broad forehead, hypertelorism. Hematological malignancies are also associated and may occur earlier than in trisomy 21. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| An autosomal anomaly with characteristics of variable clinical features, most commonly including growth retardation, developmental delay, intellectual disability, epilepsy, microcephaly, short stature, dysmorphic features, hypogammaglobulinaemia, thrombocytopenia and unspecific skeletal anomalies (hemivertebrae, clinodactyly, syndactyly). In rare cases, it has been described in phenotypically normal individuals. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Paternal 20q13.2q13.3 microdeletion syndrome is a recently described syndrome characterized by severe pre- and post-natal growth retardation, microcephaly, intractable feeding difficulties, mild psychomotor retardation, hypotonia and facial dysmorphism. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome resulting from the partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 20 with a highly variable phenotype typically characterized by hypotonia, intellectual disability, cognitive and language deficits (including decreased or absent speech), pre and post-natal growth retardation, feeding difficulties, microcephaly, and malformed hands and feet. Neurodevelopmental disorders (including hyperactivity, social interactive problems and autism spectrum disorder), seizures and dysmorphic facial features (high forehead, hypertelorism, malformed ears, broad nasal bridge, bulbous nasal tip, thin upper lip, small chin) are frequently associated. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Distal monosomy 20q syndrome |
Is a |
False |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare chromosomal anomaly with characteristics of developmental delay, mild to moderate intellectual disability, epilepsy, and unspecific dysmorphic signs. High palate, delayed permanent tooth eruption, hypoplastic fingernails, clinodactyly and short fingers have also been reported. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| 20p12.3 microdeletion syndrome is a recently described syndrome characterized by Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, variable developmental delay and facial dysmorphism. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| 20q11.2 microduplication syndrome is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, due to partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome 20, characterized by psychomotor and developmental delay, moderate intellectual disability, metopic ridging/trigonocephaly, short hands and/or feet and distinctive facial features (epicanthus, hypoplastic supraorbital ridges, horizontal/downslanting palpebral fissures, small nose with depressed nasal bridge and anteverted nostrils, prominent cheeks, retrognathia and small, thick ears). Growth delay and cryptorchidism are often associated features. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Mosaic trisomy 20 is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome with a highly variable phenotype ranging from normal (in the majority of cases) to a mild, subtle phenotype principally characterized by spinal abnormalities (i.e. stenosis, vertebral fusion, and kyphosis), hypotonia, lifelong constipation, sloped shoulders, skin pigmentation abnormalities (i.e. linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis) and significant learning disabilities despite normal intelligence. More severe phenotypes, with patients presenting psychomotor and speech delay, mild facial dysmorphism, cardiac (i.e. ventricular septal defect, dysplastic tricuspid mitral valve) and renal anomalies (e.g. horseshoe kidneys), have also been reported. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Disease marked by a characteristic seizure phenotype. Depending on the amount of chromosomal loss and associated mosaicism, ring(20) can be associated with macrocephaly, mild to moderate intellectual deficit, or behavioral problems. In rare cases, brain, kidney or heart malformations may be present. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Disorder resulting from duplication of all or part of the short arm of chromosome 20 with characteristics of normal growth, mild to moderate intellectual disability, speech delay, poor coordination and evocative facial features. The chromosomal anomaly may occur de novo, but most reported cases arise from a reciprocal translocation or, as described in a few cases, a parental inversion. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| 1p31p32 microdeletion syndrome is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, resulting from the partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 1, characterized by developmental delay, corpus callosum agenesis/hypoplasia and craniofacial dysmorphism, such as macrocephaly (caused by hydrocephalus or ventriculomegaly), low-set ears, anteverted nostrils and micrognathia. Urinary tract defects (e.g. vesicoureteral reflux, urinary incontinence) are also frequently associated. Other reported variable manifestations include hypotonia, tethered spinal cord, Chiari type I malformation and seizures. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare chromosomal anomaly characterized by an intellectual deficiency, progressive microcephaly, seizures, growth delay, distinct facial dysmorphic features and various midline defects including cardiac, corpus callosum, gastroesophageal and urogenital anomalies. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare autosomal trisomy, characterized by reduced fetal movements and intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight, and multiple congenital anomalies. The latter include, amongst others, facial dysmorphism (like hypertelorism, cleft lip/palate, micrognathia, low hairline, and small, low-set, and posteriorly rotated ears), head circumference below average, deformities of the hands (camptodactyly) and feet, marked hypertrichosis, and anomalies of the brain, heart, and lungs. Lethality appears to depend on the degree of mosaicism. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Trisomy 1q is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, resulting from the partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome 1, with a highly variable phenotype principally characterized by intellectual disability, short stature, craniofacial dysmorphism (including macro/microcephaly, prominent forehead, posteriorly rotated, low-set ears, abnormal palpebral fissures, microphthalmia, broad, flat nasal bridge, high-arched palate, micro/retrognathia), cardiac defects and urogenital anomalies. Patients may also present cerebral (e.g. ventriculomegaly) and gastrointestinal malformations, as well as dystonic tremor and recurrent respiratory tract infections. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare partial autosomal trisomy/tetrasomy with incomplete penetrance and variable expression. The syndrome has characteristics of macrocephaly, developmental delay, intellectual disability, psychiatric disturbances (autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, mood disorders) and mild facial dysmorphism (high forehead, hypertelorism). Other associated features include congenital heart defects, hypotonia, short stature, scoliosis. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Distal trisomy 1p36 is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, resulting from the partial duplication of the short arm of chromosome 1, characterized by borderline to mild intellectual disability, mild developmental delay, metopic craniosynostosis and mild craniofacial dysmorphism (including sloping forehead, bitemporal narrowing, blepharophimosis). Other associated abnormalities may include growth retardation, microcephaly, large hands, syndactyly, supernumerary ribs, rectal stenosis and/or anterior displacement of anus. Congenital heart malformations (e.g. atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus) have also been reported. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| An autosomal anomaly with characteristics of variable clinical features, most commonly including significant intrauterine and postnatal growth failure, developmental delay, intellectual disability, microcephaly and dysmorphic facial features. Some less frequent clinical features are dysgenesis of corpus callosum, atrial septal defect, rocker bottom feet and clinodactyly. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| An autosomal anomaly with characteristics of variable clinical features, depending on the size and precise location of deleted chromosome segments. Most patients present with developmental delay, intellectual disability, growth retardation, microcephaly, clinodactyly and dysmorphic features. Congenital heart disease and genitourinary anomalies are reported in some cases. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Ring chromosome 12 syndrome is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome with a highly variable phenotype principally characterized by postnatal growth retardation, variable degrees of developmental delay and intellectual disability, microcephaly and facial dysmorphism (including epicanthal folds, low-set, cupped ears, prominent nose with flat nasal bridge, high arched palate, micrognathia). Skeletal abnormalities (e.g. pectus excavatum, clinodactyly), congenital heart malformations, cryptorchidism, café-au-lait spots and epilepsy have also been reported. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Ring chromosome 5 syndrome is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, with high phenotypic variability, principally characterized by a neonatal mewing cry, severe developmental delay and intellectual disability, short stature, hypotonia, dysmorphic features (including microcephaly, facial asymmetry, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, abnormal ears, micro/retrognathia), congenital cardiac anomalies (such as atrial and ventricular septal defect, tricuspid insufficiency, hypoplastic aorta) and skeletal abnormalities (e.g. hypoplastic thumbs, anomalous ulna/radius, dysplastic metacarpals and phalanges). |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare chromosomal anomaly of chromosome 13 characterized by a widely variable phenotype (ranging from mild to severe) principally characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, developmental delay, short stature, moderate to severe intellectual deficit, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism (i.e. upslanting palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, abnormal ears, broad nasal bridge, high arched palate, micrognathia, small mouth, and thin lips), hands and feet anomalies, and genital abnormalities. Additional features reported include behavioral problems, hearing and speech disorders, congenital heart defects, cerebral malformations, and anal atresia. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Disease with characteristics of intellectual deficit, retinal and skin pigmentation disorders, seizures, and dysmorphic features, including flat occiput, epicanthal folds, downward slanting eyes, flat nasal bridge, upturned nostrils, short neck and large low set ears. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| An autosomal anomaly with characteristics of variable clinical features, including early growth retardation and short stature, microcephaly, developmental delay, some degree of intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism and cafe-au-lait spots. In some cases, congenital heart disease and endocrine abnormalities have been reported. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| An autosomal anomaly with characteristics of variable clinical features, most commonly including significant intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, developmental delay, intellectual disability, microcephaly, and dysmorphic facial features. Some less frequent features are cleft lip and/or cleft palate, congenital cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and genitourinary system anomalies. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, with a highly variable phenotype, characterized by pre- and/or postnatal growth retardation, variable intellectual disability, short stature, dysmorphic features (microcephaly, triangular facies, frontal bossing, hypertelorism, ear anomaly, broad nasal bridge, highly arched palate, micrognathism), hand and feet anomalies (e.g. brachydactyly, clinodactyly, syndactyly), and multiple hyperpigmented and/or hypopigmented spots. Severe phenotypes present with cardiac abnormalities and/or renal malformations. Other reported features include hypotonia, speech delay, talipes equinovarus, and genital anomalies (cryptorchidism and hypospadias). |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, resulting from the partial deletion of chromosome 16, characterized by pre- and postnatal growth delay, severe developmental delay, intellectual disability, speech delay, and craniofacial dysmorphism (e.g. microcephaly, hypertelorism, downslanted palpebral fissures, ptosis, telecanthus, low set and dysmorphic ears, broad flat nasal bridge, down-turned mouth corners, high palate, retrognathia). Patients may also present congenital cataract, mild synophrys, hypotonia, and poor social contact. Congenital heart anomalies (e.g. ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus) have also been reported. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Ring chromosome 19 syndrome is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome with a highly variable phenotype that may range from normal to patients with profound intellectual disability, developmental delay, learning disability (especially speech) and mild dysmorphism (including micro/macrocephaly, prominent forehead, low-set and posteriorly rotated ears, hypertelorism, high nasal bridge, prominent philtrum, retro/micrognathia). Mild hypotonia and autistic-like mannerisms (e.g. hand opening and closing, head banging) may also be associated. Other anomalies, such as cutis laxa, hearing loss, syndactyly, digital hypoplasia, and talipes equinovarus, have also been reported. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Ring chromosome 2 syndrome is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome with highly variable phenotype principally characterised by intrauterine growth retardation, failure to thrive, developmental delay, hypotonia, mild dysmorphic features (including microcephaly, short forehead, upslanting palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, wide nasal bridge, broad nasal tip, long philtrum, thin upper lip, micrognathia, short neck), skeletal anomalies (e.g. kyphosis, brachydactyly, clinodactyly, talipes equinovarus) and dermatological features (i.e. café-au-lait spots). Patients may also present ventriculoseptal defects and genital abnormalities (e.g. genital hypoplasia, phimosis, cryptorchidism). |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Ring chromosome 3 syndrome is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome with a highly variable phenotype principally characterized by pre- and postnatal growth retardation, short stature, developmental delay, mild to severe intellectual disability, microcephaly and mild dysmorphic features (including triangular face, dysplastic ears, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthic folds, broad nasal bridge, full nasal tip, long philtrum, downturned corners of the mouth, and micro/retrognathia). Additional manifestations reported include hypotonia, mild articular limitation, hearing loss, digital anomalies (i.e. clinodactyly, brachydactyly), café-au-lait patches and hypospadias. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome resulting from partial deletion of chromosome 17. The disease has highly variable manifestations ranging from a severe phenotype which presents with lissencephaly and severe intellectual disability to a milder phenotype that includes short stature, microcephaly, intellectual disability, seizures (that may be pharmacoresistant), cafe-au-lait spots, retinal flecks and minor facial dysmorphism depending on the presence or absence of the Miller-Dieker critical region. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| An autosomal anomaly with characteristics of variable clinical features, most commonly including hypotonia, neonatal feeding and respiratory difficulties, microcephaly, global developmental delay and intellectual disability, growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, hearing loss, aural atresia, dysmorphic facial features and behavioral characteristics. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare chromosome Y structural anomaly, with a highly variable phenotype, mostly characterized by short stature, partial to total gonadal failure, sexual infantilism, genital anomalies (e.g. ambiguous genitalia, hypospadias, cryptorchidism), and azoospermia or oligozoospermia. Additional reported features include speech delay, obesity, and acanthosis nigricans. Gender dysphoria and comorbid bipolar disorder have also been observed. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Ring chromosome 6 syndrome is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome with highly variable phenotype principally characterized by prenatal/postnatal growth failure, intellectual disability, developmental delay, craniofacial dysmorphism (including microcephaly, microphthalmia, epicanthus, low-set and malformed ears, broad and flat nasal bridge, full lips, micrognathia), central nervous system anomalies (e.g. hydrocephalus, cortical atrophy, ventriculomegaly), short neck, and delayed bone age. Cardiac defects, limb anomalies, hip joint malformations, and seizures have also been reported. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| Ring chromosome 7 syndrome is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, with highly variable phenotype, principally characterized by growth failure, short stature, intellectual disability, dermatological abnormalities (nevus flammeus, dark pigmented nevi, café-au-lait spots), microcephaly and facial dysmorphism (including facial asymmetry, small ears, abnormal palpebral fissures, ptosis, epicanthic folds, hyper/hypotelorism). Additional reported features include convulsions, cleft lip and palate, clinodactyly, kyphoscoliosis and genital anomalies (i.e. cryptorchidism, hypospadias, micropenis). |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
| A rare chromosomal anomaly comprising variable parts of chromosome 8. The phenotype of mosaic or non-mosaic supernumerary r(8)/mar(8) ranges from almost normal to variable degrees of minor abnormalities, and growth and mental retardation overlapping with the well-known mosaic trisomy 8 syndrome. |
Is a |
True |
Multiple system malformation syndrome |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
|
FHIR