272673000: Bone structure (body structure)

SNOMED CT Concept\Body structure\Anatomical or acquired body structure (body structure)\Anatomical structure\...

\An anatomical structure that consists of the maximal set of organ parts so connected to one another that together they constitute a self-contained unit of macroscopic anatomy, distinct both morphologically and functionally from other such units. Together with other organs, an organ constitutes an organ system or a body part. An organ is divisible into organ parts but not organs (examples: femur, biceps, liver, heart, aorta, sciatic nerve, ovary).\Structure of bone organ\Bone structure

\Body system structure\Structure of musculoskeletal system (body structure)\Skeletal system structure\...

\Structure of bony skeleton\Bony skeleton subdivision\Bone structure

\Bone and/or joint structure (body structure)\Bone structure

Status: current, Not sufficiently defined by necessary conditions definition status (core metadata concept). Date: 31-Jan 2002. Module: SNOMED CT core

Descriptions:

Id Description Lang Type Status Case? Module

407865012 Bone structure en Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core

665231017 Bone structure (body structure) en Fully specified name Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) SNOMED CT core

3318101000005115 Knoglestruktur da Synonym (core metadata concept) Active Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept) Danish module (core metadata concept)

Expanded Value Set

Outbound Relationships	Type	Target	Active	Characteristic	Refinability	Group	Values
Bone structure	Is a	An anatomical structure that consists of the maximal set of organ parts so connected to one another that together they constitute a self-contained unit of macroscopic anatomy, distinct both morphologically and functionally from other such units. Together with other organs, an organ constitutes an organ system or a body part. An organ is divisible into organ parts but not organs (examples: femur, biceps, liver, heart, aorta, sciatic nerve, ovary).	false	Inferred relationship	Some
Bone structure	Is a	Bone and/or joint structure (body structure)	true	Inferred relationship	Some
Bone structure	del af	Entire body as a whole	false	Inferred relationship	Some
Bone structure	Is a	Skeletal system structure	false	Inferred relationship	Some
Bone structure	del af	Entire musculoskeletal system	false	Additional relationship	Some
Bone structure	Is a	Connective tissue structure	false	Inferred relationship	Some
Bone structure	Is a	Structure of bone organ	true	Inferred relationship	Some
Bone structure	Is a	Bony skeleton subdivision	true	Inferred relationship	Some

Inbound Relationships	Type	Active	Source	Characteristic	Refinability	Group
A rare primary bone dysplasia characterized by costovertebral ossification defects with small chest, abnormal vertebral segmentation, and posterior rib gaps containing incompletely differentiated mesenchymal tissue. Consistent dysmorphic craniofacial features include ocular hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, depressed nasal bridge with short nose, and low-set ears. The most common extraosseous manifestations are renal abnormalities such as multicystic kidneys. The disease is usually perinatally lethal due to respiratory insufficiency.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Lethal recessive chondrodysplasia is an extremely rare lethal form of chondrodysplasia characterized by severe micromelic dwarfism, short and incurved limbs with normal hands and feet, facial dysmorphism (disproportionately large skull, frontal prominence, slightly flattened nasal bridge and short neck), muscular hypotonia, hyperlaxity of the extremities, and a narrow thorax. Most patients die of respiratory distress during the first hours or weeks of life. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1988.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare spondylodysplastic syndrome characterized by camptodactyly, cervical platyspondyly, and variable degrees of thoracic scoliosis. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1995.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (disorder)	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare genetic neurological disorder characterized by the association of hypomyelinating leukodystrophy with spondylometaphyseal dysplasia. Patients present in infancy with absent or delayed ability to walk independently, slowly progressive motor deterioration, spasticity, ataxia, proximal weakness, and joint contractures. Additional manifestations include mild cognitive impairment, short stature, scoliosis, enlarged and deformed joints, dysarthria, nystagmus, visual defects, and mildly dysmorphic features, among others. Mode of inheritance is X-linked recessive.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Micromelic spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
Catel-Manzke syndrome is a rare bone disease characterized by bilateral hyperphalangy and clinodactyly of the index finger typically in association with Pierre Robin sequence comprising micrognathia, cleft palate and glossoptosis.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Chondrodysplasia punctata, Toriello type is a rare, non-rhizomelic, primary bone dysplasia syndrome characterized by calcific stippling of epiphyses in association with minor facial abnormalities, short stature and ocular colobomata. In addition, patients present chondrodysplasia punctata, brachycephaly, flat facial profile with small nose, flat lower eyelids and low-set ears, developmental delay, brachytelephalangy and deep palmar creases. Complex congenital cardiac disease and central nervous system anomalies (including partial absence of corpus callosum, small vermis, enlargement of the cisterna magna and/or of the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles) have been reported.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Craniometadiaphyseal dysplasia, wormian bone type is an extremely rare craniotubular bone dysplasia syndrome described in fewer than 10 patients to date. Clinical manifestations include macrocephaly, frontal bossing, malar hypoplasia, prominent mandible and dental hypoplasia. Other skeletal anomalies include abnormal bone modeling in tubular bones, multiple wormian bones and deformities of chest, pelvis and elbows. An increased risk of fractures is noted.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
12q14 microdeletion syndrome is characterized by mild intellectual deficit, failure to thrive, short stature and osteopoikilosis. It has been described in four unrelated patients. The syndrome appears to be caused by a heterozygous deletion at chromosome region 12q14, which was detected in three of the four patients. The deleted region contains the LEMD3 gene: mutations in this gene have already been implicated in osteopoikilosis.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, aggrecan type is a new form of skeletal dysplasia characterized by severe short stature, facial dysmorphism and characteristic radiographic findings.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Dyssegmental dysplasia with glaucoma syndrome	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Cheirospondyloenchondromatosis	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare syndrome characterized by sparse hair, osteopenia, intellectual disability, minor facial abnormalities, joint laxity and hypotonia. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1992.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare developmental defect with connective tissue involvement characterized by multiple joint dislocations, flattened facial appearance, abnormal palmar creases, laryngotracheomalacia, and pulmonary hypoplasia. Additional signs may include a bifid tongue, micrognathia, non-immune hydrops fetalis, and brain dysplasia. The disease is lethal shortly after birth due to respiratory insufficiency.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare, genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing impairment, childhood-onset cataract, underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics, spinal muscular atrophy, growth retardation, and cardiac and skeletal anomalies. Sudden death, as well as fatal cardiomyopathy and heart failure, have been described in some cases.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia Chassaing-Lacombe type is a rare genetic bone disorder characterized by chondrodysplasia, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), hydrocephaly and facial dysmorphism in the affected males.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare, genetic, primary bone dysplasia syndrome characterized by multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, severely delayed ossification (mainly of the epiphyses, pubic symphysis, hands and feet), abnormal modeling of the bones in hands and feet, abnormal pelvis cartilage persistence, and mild growth retardation. Calcium, phosphate and vitamin D serum levels are typically within normal range, while parathyroid hormone serum levels are normal to slightly elevated. Oligodontia has been rarely associated.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Hyperplastisk kondrodystrofi	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Bowed tibia, radial anomaly, osteopenia, fracture syndrome	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Grant syndrome is a rare osteogenesis imperfecta-like disorder, described in two patients to date, characterized clinically by persistent wormian bones, blue sclera, mandibular hypoplasia, shallow glenoid fossa, and campomelia. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1986.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
An early-onset distal osteolysis characterized by severe resorption of the hands and feet and absence of the distal and middle phalanges. It has been described in a son and daughter born to consanguineous parents. Other manifestations include distal muscular hypertrophy, flexion contractures, short stature, mild intellectual deficit and characteristic facies (maxillary hypoplasia, exophthalmos, and a broad nasal tip). It is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Metaphyseal dysplasia, Braun-Tinschert type is characterized by metaphyseal undermodeling with broadening of the long bones and femora with an Erlenmeyer flask appearance, expansion and bowing of the radii with severe varus deformity and flat exostoses of the long bones at the metadiaphyseal junctions.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
An association reported in a single kindred characterized by the variable presence of the following features: anetodermia (macular atrophy of the skin), multiple exostoses, and brachydactyly type E. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1985.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Microcephalic osteodysplastic dysplasia, Saul-Wilson type is a skeletal dysplasia characterised by a distinct facial phenotype, short stature, brachydactyly, clubfoot deformities, cataracts, and microcephaly. It has been described in four patients. Facial features include frontal bossing with a depression over the metopic suture, a narrow nasal root with a beaked nose, and midfacial hypoplasia with prominent eyes. Characteristic radiographic findings are observed (irregularities of the vertebral bodies, hypoplasia of the odontoid process, short phalanges, coning several epiphyses etc.).	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia with congenital joint dislocations (disorder)	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare a multisystem disorder characterized by spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia and disproportionate short stature, facial dysmorphism, T-cell immunodeficiency, and progressive, proteinuric steroid-resistant nephropathy.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Karsch-Neugebauer syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by split-hand and split-foot deformity and ocular abnormalities, mainly a congenital nystagmus.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	4
Mesomelic dysplasia, Savarirayan type is characterized by severely hypoplastic and triangular-shaped tibiae, and absence of the fibulae. So far, two sporadic cases have been described. Moderate mesomelia of the upper limbs, proximal widening of the ulnas, pelvic anomalies and marked bilateral glenoid hypoplasia were also reported.	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare disorder characterized by disproportionate short stature from birth with dysplasia of the ulna and fibula.	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A Pierre Robin syndrome associated with bone disease characterized by severe short-limbed dwarfism, joint dislocations, club feet along with distinctive facies and radiographic findings.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda, Kohn type is characterized by short trunk dwarfism, progressive involvement of the spine and epiphyses and mild-to-moderate intellectual deficit.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Metaphyseal dysostosis-intellectual disability-conductive deafness syndrome is characterized by metaphyseal dysplasia, short-limb dwarfism, mild intellectual deficit and conductive hearing loss, associated with repeated episodes of otitis media in childhood. It has been described in three brothers born to consanguineous Sicilian parents. Variable manifestations included hyperopia and strabismus. The mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
This syndrome is characterized by severe immunodeficiency, osteopetrosis, lymphedema and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Spondyloocular syndrome (disorder)	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare skeletal dysplasia characterized by short limbs dysmorphic facies and diagnostic radiographic findings.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
This syndrome is characterized by osteopetrosis, agenesis of the corpus callosum, cerebral atrophy and a small hippocampus.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Short rib-polydactyly syndrome, Majewski type	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with periventricular heterotopia	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED), MacDermot type is characterized by short stature, femoral epiphyseal dysplasia, mild vertebral changes and sensorineural deafness.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) characterized by soft skin, skin hyperextensibility, easy bruisability, atrophic scar formation, joint hypermobility and severe, progressive cardiac valvular defects comprising mitral and/or aortic valve insufficiency.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Kozlowski type is characterized by short stature (short-trunk dwarfism), scoliosis, metaphyseal abnormalities in the femur (prominent in the femoral neck and trochanteric area), coxa vara and generalized platyspondyly. Prevalence is estimated at less than one in one million people. Intelligence is usually normal. The syndrome is caused by a mutation in the TRPV4 gene (12q24.1) and is transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare subtype of kyphoscoliotic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome characterized by congenital muscle hypotonia, congenital or early-onset kyphoscoliosis (progressive or non-progressive), and generalized joint hypermobility with dislocations/subluxations (in particular of the shoulders, hips, and knees). Additional common features are skin hyperextensibility, easy bruising of the skin, rupture/aneurysm of a medium-sized artery, osteopenia/osteoporosis, blue sclerae, umbilical or inguinal hernia, chest deformity, marfanoid habitus, talipes equinovarus, and refractive errors. Subtype-specific manifestations include congenital hearing impairment (sensorineural, conductive, or mixed), follicular hyperkeratosis, muscle atrophy, and bladder diverticula. Molecular testing is obligatory to confirm the diagnosis.	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Cantu type is an extremely rare type of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia described in about 5 patients to date and characterized by clinical signs including short stature, peculiar facies with blepharophimosis, upward slanted eyes, abundant eyebrows and eyelashes, coarse voice, and short hands and feet (brachymetacarpalia, brachymetatarsia and brachyphalangia).	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, seizures, microcephaly, delayed bone maturation, and skeletal abnormalities (such as scoliosis or pectus excavatum, among others). Dysmorphic features include coarse face, hirsutism, thick eyebrows, broad nasal septum, short philtrum, large mouth, and prominent ears. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1996.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Juberg-Hayward syndrome is a polymalformative syndrome that associates multiple skeletal anomalies with microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, urogenital anomalies and intellectual deficit.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare systemic disease characterized by congenital multiple contractures, characteristic craniofacial features (like large fontanel, hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, blue sclerae, ear deformities, high palate) evident at birth or in early infancy, and characteristic cutaneous features like skin hyperextensibility, skin fragility with atrophic scars, easy bruising, and increased palmar wrinkling. Additional features include recurrent/chronic dislocations, chest and spinal deformities, peculiarly shaped fingers, colonic diverticula, pneumothorax, and urogenital and ophthalmological abnormalities, among others. Molecular testing is obligatory to confirm the diagnosis.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia Nishimura type is characterized by spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, craniosynostosis, cataracts, cleft palate and intellectual deficit.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
A rare systemic disease characterized by the association of the features of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with those of osteogenesis imperfecta. Predominant clinical manifestations include generalized joint hypermobility and dislocations, skin hyperextensibility and/or translucency, easy bruising, and invariable association with mild signs of osteogenesis imperfecta, including short stature, blue sclera, and osteopenia or fractures.	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Bone dysplasia Azouz type	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare form of genetic lipodystrophy, reported in 3 patients from one family to date, characterized by generalized congenital lipodystrophy, low birth weight, progressive sensorineural deafness occurring in childhood, intellectual deficit, progressive osteopenia, delayed skeletal maturation, skeletal abnormalities described as slender, undermineralized tubular bones, and dense metaphyseal striations in the distal femur, ulna and radius of older patients. Autosomal recessive inheritance has been suggested.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare systemic disease for which two subtypes exist, either related to the gene PLOD1 or FKBP22, and for which the clinically overlapping characteristics include congenital muscle hypotonia, congenital or early-onset kyphoscoliosis (progressive or non-progressive), and generalized joint hypermobility with dislocations/subluxations (in particular of the shoulders, hips, and knees). Additional features which may occur in both subtypes are skin hyperextensibility, easy bruising of the skin, rupture/aneurysm of a medium-sized artery, osteopenia/osteoporosis, blue sclerae, umbilical or inguinal hernia, chest deformity, marfanoid habitus, talipes equinovarus, and refractive errors. Gene-specific features, with variable presentation, are additionally observed in each subtype.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Scypho-patellar dysplasia (disorder)	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A rare primary bone defect, described only in a mother and her three daughters to date, characterized by short stature, hip dislocation, minor vertebral and pelvic changes, and microtia with hearing loss. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1981.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A rare primary bone dysplasia due to matrilin-3 variants and characterized by disproportionate early-onset dwarfism, bowing of the lower limbs, short, wide and stocky long bones with severe epiphyseal and metaphyseal changes, lumbar lordosis, hypoplastic iliac bones, flat ovoid vertebral bodies and normal hands.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Dyschondrosteosis and nephritis syndrome	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A rare lethal bone dysplasia characterized at birth by low birth weight, a rhizomelic dwarfism, bent femora and short chest producing asphyxia. The initial cases could have been diagnosed as Desbuquois syndrome, or a recessive Larsen syndrome. There has been no further description in the literature since 1988.	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
An exceedingly rare, autosomal recessive immune disease characterized by thumb aplasia, short stature with skeletal abnormalities, and combined immunodeficiency described in three sibships from two possibly related families. The skeletal abnormalities included unfused olecranon and the immunodeficiency manifested with severe chickenpox and chronic candidiasis. No new cases have been reported since 1978.	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Smith-McCort dysplasia (SMC) is a rare spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia characterized by the clinical manifestations of coarse facies, short neck, short trunk dwarfism with barrel-shaped chest and rhizomelic limb shortening, as well as specific radiological features (i.e. generalized platyspondyly with double-humped vertebral end plates and iliac crests with a lace-like appearance) and normal intelligence. The clinical and skeletal features are similar to those seen in the allelic disorder Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome but can be distinguished from this syndrome by the absence of intellectual deficiency and microcephaly in SMC.	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Dysspondyloenchondromatosis is a rare skeletal dysplasia characterized by anisospondyly and multiple enchondromas in vertebrae and the metaphyseal and diaphyseal parts of long tubular bones, leading to kyphoscoliosis and lower limb asymmetry.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Irapa type is characterized by disproportionate short-trunked short stature, pectus carinatum, short arms, short and broad hands, short metatarsals, flat and broad feet, coxa vara, genu valgum, osteoarthritis, arthrosis and moderate-to-serious gait impairment.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare, genetic, primary bone dysplasia disorder characterized by early-onset, progressive pseudorheumatoid arthritis, platyspondyly, and hypoplasia/dysplasia of the third and fourth metatarsals, in the absence of ophthalmologic, cleft palate, and height anomalies.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Periodontitis co-occurrent with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type 4	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Dermatofibrosis lenticularis disseminata	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A rare skeletal dysplasia with characteristics of peculiar facial anomalies, Pierre Robin sequence, cleft palate, shortening and bowing of long bones. Sexual ambiguity or female external genitalia is possible individuals with a male karyotype. The disorder is autosomal dominant; however, most cases are due to heterozygous de novo mutations in the SOX9 gene (localized to 17q24). In rare individuals the disorder is caused by chromosomal recombination (deletion or translocation) involving the region 17q24.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Robinow-like syndrome	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by intellectual deficit, choroideremia, horizontal nystagmus, severe myopia, acrokeratosis verruciformis-like skin abnormality, anhidrosis, and scapular winging. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1959.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
Craniolenticulosutural dysplasia (CLSD), also known as Boyadjiev-Jabs syndrome, is characterized by the specific association of large and late-closing fontanels, hypertelorism, early-onset cataract and mild generalized skeletal dysplasia.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Closed reduction of fracture of bone and internal fixation using bone plate	Procedure site - Direct (attribute)	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Closed reduction of fracture of bone and internal fixation using bone plate	Procedure site - Direct (attribute)	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A rare primary bone dysplasia characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation and short stature in association with craniofacial dysmorphism (such as large forehead, triangular face, low-set ears, and micro-retrognathism) and osteochondrodysplastic lesions. Radiographic findings include epiphyseal maturation delay, abnormal metaphyses, a narrow thorax, small pelvis, and short and broad metacarpal bones and phalanges. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1996.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A rare skeletal disorder characterized clinically by multiple fractures, wormian bones of the skull, dentinogenesis imperfecta and facial dysmorphism (hypertelorism, periorbital fullness). Although the signs are very similar to osteogenesis imperfecta, characteristic cortical defects in the absence of osteopenia and collagen abnormalities are considered to be distinctive. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1999.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A rare disorder of sex development affecting 46,XY individuals and characterized by complete gonadal dysgenesis (normal external female genitalia, lack of pubertal development, primary amenorrhea, and hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism) in association with severe dwarfism with generalized chondrodysplasia (bell-shaped thorax, micromelia, brachydactyly). Other reported features in the live sibling included eye anomalies (hypoplastic irides, myopia, coloboma of optic discs), dysmorphic features (deep-set eyes, upslanting palpebral fissures, puffy eyelids, large ears and mouth, mild prognathism), muscular hypoplasia, mild intellectual deficiency and severe microcephaly with cerebellar vermis hypoplasia.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Dacryocystitis and osteopoikilosis syndrome (disorder)	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare subtype of kyphoscoliotic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome characterized by congenital muscle hypotonia, congenital or early-onset kyphoscoliosis (progressive or non-progressive), and generalized joint hypermobility with dislocations/subluxations (in particular of the shoulders, hips, and knees). Additional common features are skin hyperextensibility, easy bruising of the skin, rupture/aneurysm of a medium-sized artery, osteopenia/osteoporosis, blue sclerae, umbilical or inguinal hernia, chest deformity, marfanoid habitus, talipes equinovarus, and refractive errors. Subtype-specific manifestations include congenital hearing impairment (sensorineural, conductive, or mixed), follicular hyperkeratosis, muscle atrophy, and bladder diverticula. Molecular testing is obligatory to confirm the diagnosis.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
A rare primary bone dysplasia with decreased bone density disorder characterized by multiple doughnut-shaped hyperostotic or osteosclerotic calvarial lesions (manifesting with cranial lumps) associated with numerous pathologic fractures, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels and osteopenia.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A rare congenital malformation syndrome characterized by the combination of bilateral coloboma of macula with horizontal pendular nystagmus and severe visual loss, and brachydactyly type B. The hand and feet defects comprise of shortening of the middle and terminal phalanges of the second to fifth digits, hypoplastic or absent nails (congenital anonychia), broad or bifid thumbs and halluces, syndactyly and flexion deformities of the joints of some digits.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Campomelia, Cumming type, is characterized by the association of limb defects and multivisceral anomalies.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A form of spondylodysplastic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome due to variants in B4GALT7 and characterized by short stature, variable degrees of muscle hypotonia, joint hypermobility, especially of the hands, and bowing of limbs. Additional features include the typical craniofacial gestalt (mid-face hypoplasia, round, flat face, proptosis and narrow mouth), hyperextensible skin that is soft, thin, translucent and doughy, delayed motor and/or cognitive development, characteristic radiographic findings (such as radio-ulnar synostosis, radial head subluxation or dislocation, metaphyseal flaring and osteopenia) and ocular abnormalities.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare genetic, syndromic retinal disorder characterized by the association of retinitis pigmentosa, hypopituitarism, nephronophthisis, and skeletal dysplasia.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Camptodactyly-tall stature-scoliosis-hearing loss syndrome is characterized by camptodactyly, tall stature, scoliosis, and hearing loss (CATSHL). It has been described in around 30 individuals from seven generations of the same family. The syndrome is caused by a missense mutation in the FGFR3 gene, leading to a partial loss of function of the encoded protein, which is a negative regulator of bone growth.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
A rare primary bone dysplasia characterized by global developmental delay, hypotonia, ossification anomalies of the cranial vault, abnormalities of the long bones due to defective remodeling, thoracic deformity, and progressive osteopenia. Dysmorphic craniofacial features include microcephaly, hypertelorism, narrow mouth, cleft palate, and micrognathia.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Osteopenia, myopia, hearing loss, intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism syndrome	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A rare primary bone dysplasia characterized by megalocornea, multiple skeletal anomalies, characteristic facial dysmorphism (wide fontanels, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, prominent eyes, full cheeks and micrognathia) and developmental delay.	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A rare, severe, primary bone dysplasia characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, skeletal dysplasia, low-birth weight and brain anomalies.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare multiple congenital anomalies-intellectual disability syndrome characterized by sensorineural hearing loss (deafness), onychodystrophy, osteodystrophy, mild to profound intellectual disability, and seizures.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A rare syndrome characterized by sparse hair, osteopenia, intellectual disability, minor facial abnormalities, joint laxity and hypotonia. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1992.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
Guttmacher syndrome is an extremely rare syndrome characterized by hypoplastic thumbs and halluces, 5th finger clinobrachydactyly, postaxial polydactyly of the hands, short or uniphalangeal 2nd toes with absent nails and hypospadias.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A rare genetic disease characterized by global developmental delay with language and cognition deficiencies, behavioral problems, osteopenia, joint laxity, skin defects consisting of hyperkeratosis and sweat gland and melanocyte abnormalities with hypopigmented areas, and abnormal hair structure. Mild facial dysmorphism (prominent forehead, thick eyebrows, epicanthal folds, broad nasal bridge, long philtrum, and micrognathia), abnormalities of the teeth, and skeletal and cardiac anomalies have also been described.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
McCune Albright syndrome (disorder)	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
A rare systemic disease characterized by the association of the features of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with those of osteogenesis imperfecta. Predominant clinical manifestations include generalized joint hypermobility and dislocations, skin hyperextensibility and/or translucency, easy bruising, and invariable association with mild signs of osteogenesis imperfecta, including short stature, blue sclera, and osteopenia or fractures.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia-cone-rod dystrophy syndrome is characterized by the association of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (marked by platyspondyly, shortening of the tubular bones and progressive metaphyseal irregularity and cupping), with postnatal growth retardation and progressive visual impairment due to cone-rod dystrophy. So far, it has been described in eight individuals. Transmission appears to be autosomal recessive.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A rare, hereditary connective tissue disease characterized by severe ocular manifestations due to extreme corneal thinning and fragility with rupture in the absence of significant trauma, often leading to irreversible blindness. Extraocular manifestations comprise deafness, developmental hip dysplasia, and joint hypermobility.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare primary bone dysplasia characterized by the association of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, generalized joint laxity, and dentinogenesis imperfecta. Main skeletal abnormalities comprise short stature, narrow chest, scoliosis, mesomelic limb shortening, and brachydactyly. Radiographic features include severe metaphyseal irregularities of the tubular bones, platyspondyly with coronal clefts, cone-shaped epiphyses of the hands, square iliac wings, and coxa valga. Additional extraskeletal manifestations like pulmonary hypoplasia, cystic renal disease, and non-obstructive hydrocephalus have also been reported.	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by severe global developmental delay, osteogenesis imperfecta, presence of wormian bones, seizures, ocular abnormalities (blue sclerae, optic atrophy, retinal detachment), and dysmorphic facial features (including frontal bossing, low anterior hairline, medial flare of the eyebrows, long eyelashes, hypertelorism, depressed nasal bridge, and low-set, large ears). There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1994.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1
A rare dysostosis syndrome characterized by abnormal fusion of the spleen with the gonad (or more rarely with remnants of the mesonephros), limb abnormalities (consisting of amelia or severe reduction defects leading to upper and/or lower rudimentary limbs) and orofacial abnormalities such as cleft palate, bifid uvula, microglossia and mandibular hypoplasia. It could also be associated with other malformations such as cryptorchidism, anal stenosis/atresia, hypoplastic lungs and cardiac malformations.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	5
Fountain syndrome is an extremely rare multi-systemic genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, deafness, skeletal abnormalities and coarse facial features.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	2
A rare genetic disease characterized by congenital oculocutaneous hypopigmentation, visual impairment, generalized osteoporosis with skeletal anomalies such as short stature, short neck and trunk, kyphosis, scoliosis, and platyspondyly, and dysmorphic facial features (including long philtrum, small mouth, micrognathia, and prominent ears). Moderate joint hyperelasticity and muscular hypotrophy have also been reported.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
A rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterized by non-progressive, congenital, marked, central hypotonia, severe psychomotor delay and intellectual disability, chronic constipation, distended abdomen, abnormal dermatoglyphics, delayed and dysharmonic skeletal maturation, and preponderance of type 2 larger-sized muscle fibers. Additional features include narrow and high-arched palate, prominent nasal root, long philtrum, and open mouth with drooling, as well as variably present cryptorchidism, hypertelorism, and tapered fingers. Seizures and/or an abnormal electroencephalograph may also be associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1994.	Finding site	True	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	3
Brachyolmia type 1 Toledo type	Finding site	False	Bone structure	Inferred relationship	Some	1

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Reference Sets

Anatomy structure and entire association reference set (foundation metadata concept)

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Id	Description	Lang	Type	Status	Case?	Module
407865012	Bone structure	en	Synonym (core metadata concept)	Active	Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept)	SNOMED CT core
665231017	Bone structure (body structure)	en	Fully specified name	Active	Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept)	SNOMED CT core
3318101000005115	Knoglestruktur	da	Synonym (core metadata concept)	Active	Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept)	Danish module (core metadata concept)