| Inbound Relationships |
Type |
Active |
Source |
Characteristic |
Refinability |
Group |
| Moderate intellectual disability (disorder) |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Mild intellectual disability (disorder) |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Seckel syndrome |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| A syndrome with characteristics of facial dysmorphism, a progeroid appearance, large and late closing fontanelle, cutis laxa, joint hyperlaxity, athetoid movements and hyperreflexia, pre and postnatal growth retardation, intellectual deficit and developmental delay, and corneal clouding and cataract. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
8 |
| Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Profound intellectual disability (disorder) |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Hyperphosphatasaemia with intellectual disability |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Bardet-Biedl syndrome |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Tetrasomy 12p syndrome (disorder) |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Coffin-Siris syndrome |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Fragile X syndrome |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Kohlschutter's syndrome |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
7 |
| Hennekam lymphangiectasia-lymphedema syndrome (disorder) |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| Prune belly syndrome with pulmonic stenosis, intellectual disability and deafness (disorder) |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
7 |
| Laurence-Moons syndrom |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| A rare congenital neurological disorder with characteristics of the association of partial bilateral aniridia with non-progressive cerebellar ataxia and intellectual disability. Aniridia is visible at birth as fixed dilated pupils. Non-progressive cerebellar ataxia is associated with delayed developmental milestones and hypotonia, gait and balance disorders with incoordination, intention tremor and scanning speech. Sporadic and familial cases have been observed. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| A rare multiple congenital malformation syndrome with characteristics of blepharophimosis, ptosis, dental hypoplasia, hearing impairment and intellectual disability. Abnormal ears, microcephaly, and growth retardation have been reported occasionally. Male patients may show cryptorchidism and scrotal hypoplasia. Most reported cases are sporadic, except the original cases of Ohdo who described two affected sisters and a first cousin, suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance. Autosomal dominant, X-linked- and mitochondrial inheritance have also been suggested. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| X-linked intellectual disability with marfanoid habitus (disorder) |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Severe intellectual disability (disorder) |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Savant syndrome (disorder) |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| An X-linked clinical subtype of L1 syndrome with characteristics of mild to moderate intellectual disability, delayed development of speech, hypotonia progressing to spasticity or spastic paraplegia, adducted thumbs and mild to moderate distension of the cerebral ventricles. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| Ohdo syndrome, Maat-Kievit-Brunner type |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Rare syndrome with the association of congenital hypothyroidism, facial dysmorphism (microcephaly, blepharophimosis, a bulbous nose, thin lip, low-set ears and micrognathia), postaxial polydactyly and severe intellectual deficit. Cryptorchidism is present in affected males. Some patients also have cardiac anomalies (interventricular communication), hypotonia and growth delay. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| Myhre syndrome |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| Renpenning syndrome (disorder) |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
8 |
| Pitt-Hopkins syndrome |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Christianson syndrome |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| PPM-X syndrome |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Partington syndrome |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Snyder-Robinson syndrome |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Deafness-dystonia-optic neuronopathy syndrome (disorder) |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| Syndrome with characteristics of intellectual deficit, early-onset hypotonia, ataxia, delayed motor development, hearing impairment and loss of vision due to optic atrophy. Other manifestations included floppiness, susceptibility to infections and later flaccid tetraplegia and areflexia. It is caused by missense mutations in the phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 gene (PRPS1) localized to Xq22.1-q24, leading to impaired purine biosynthesis. Transmitted as an X-linked recessive trait. The disease has a fatal course during childhood (the majority of patients die before the age of 5 years) due to the high susceptibility of the patients to infections, especially of the upper respiratory tract. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase related intellectual disability (disorder) |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 8 |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Mowat-Wilson syndrome (disorder) |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| A rare neuro-ophthalmological disease characterized by severe microcephaly of prenatal onset (with diminutive anterior fontanel and sutural ridging), growth retardation, global developmental delay and intellectual disability (ranging from mild to profound), dysmorphic features (sloping forehead, micro/retrognathia, prominent ears) and visual impairments (including microphthalmia to anophthalmia, generalized retinopathy or multiple punched-out retinal lesions, retinal folds with retinal detachment, optic nerve hypoplasia, strabismus, nystagmus). Brain MRI may show reduced cortical size, cerebral hemispheres, corpus callosum, pachygyria, simplified gyral folding or normal pattern. Other associated features include epilepsy and neurological deficits. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| Early-onset epileptic encephalopathy and intellectual disability due to GRIN2A mutation is a rare intellectual disability and epilepsy syndrome characterized by global developmental delay and mild to profound intellectual disability, multiple types of usually intractable focal and generalized seizures with variable abnormal EEG findings, and bilateral progressive parenchymal volume loss and thin corpus callosum on brain MRI. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| A rare form of primordial dwarfism, often microcephalic, characterized by short stature, global developmental delay, variable intellectual disability and recognizable dysmorphic facial features (triangular face, prominent forehead, deeply set eyes, low-set ears, wide nose, malar hypoplasia, wide mouth, thick lips, and widely spaced teeth). |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| Microcephalic primordial dwarfism, Dauber type is a rare, genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis characterized by severe pre- and postnatal growth retardation, severe microcephaly, severe developmental delay and intellectual disability, severe adult short stature and facial dysmorphism (including hypotelorism, small ears, prominent nose). Other reported features include skeletal anomalies (Madelung deformity, clinodactyly, mild lumbar scoliosis, bilateral hip dysplasia) and seizures. Absence of thelarche and menarche is also associated. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| X-linked cerebral-cerebellar-coloboma syndrome is a rare, genetic syndrome with a cerebellar malformation as major feature characterized by cerebellar vermis hypo- or aplasia, ventriculomegaly, agenesis of corpus callosum and abnormalities of the brainstem and cerebral cortex in association with ocular coloboma. Clinically, patients show hydrocephalus at birth, neonatal hypotonia with abnormal breathing pattern, ocular abnormalities with impaired vision, severe psychomotor delay, and seizures. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| Polyneuropathy-intellectual disability-acromicria-premature menopause syndrome is a rare genetic syndromic intellectual disability characterized by intellectual disability, polyneuropathy, short stature and short limbs, brachydactyly, and premature ovarian insufficiency. Only one familial case with three affected females was described and there have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1971. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| 3q27.3 microdeletion syndrome is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, resulting from the partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 3, characterized by mild to severe intellectual disability, neuropsychiatric disorders of the psychotic and dysthymic spectrum, mild distinctive facial dysmorphism (including slender face, deep-set eyes, high nasal bridge with a hooked nose, small, low- set ears, short philtrum, small mouth with thin upper lip, prognathism) and a marfanoid habitus. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| A rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability disease characterized by progressive postnatal microcephaly and global developmental delay, as well as moderate to profound intellectual disability, difficulty or inability to walk, pyramidal signs (including spasticity, hyperreflexia and extensor plantar response) and thin corpus callosum revealed by brain imaging. Ophthalmologic signs (including nystagmus, strabismus and abnormal retinal pigmentation), foot deformity and genital anomalies may also be associated. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Optic atrophy-intellectual disability syndrome is a rare, hereditary, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, and significant visual impairment due to optic nerve atrophy, optic nerve hypoplasia or cerebral visual impairment. Other common clinical signs and symptoms are hypotonia, oromotor dysfunction, seizures, autism spectrum disorder, and repetitive behaviors. Dysmorphic facial features are variable and nonspecific. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Infantile cerebral and cerebellar atrophy with postnatal progressive microcephaly is a rare, central nervous system malformation syndrome characterized by progressive microcephaly with profound motor delay and intellectual disability, associated with hypertonia, spasticity, clonus, and seizures, with brain imaging revealing severe cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, and poor myelination. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
7 |
| Intellectual disability-seizures-macrocephaly-obesity syndrome is a rare syndromic obesity due to complex chromosomal rearrangement characterized by development delay and intellectual disability, childhood-onset obesity, seizures, poor coordination and broad-based gait, macrocephaly and mild dysmorphic features (such as narrow palpebral fissures, malar hypoplasia and thin upper lips), eczema, ocular abnormalities and a social personality. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
8 |
| A rare, genetic, neurological disorder characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, failure to thrive, infantile onset of sensorineural deafness, severe global developmental delay or absent psychomotor development, paraplegia or quadriplegia with dystonia and pyramidal signs, microcephaly, ocular abnormalities (strabismus, optic atrophy), mildly dysmorphic features (deep-set eyes, prominent nasal bridge, micrognathia), seizures and abnormalities of brain morphology (hypomyelinating white matter changes, cerebral atrophy). |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
7 |
| A rare congenital disorder of glycosylation characterized by neonatal hypotonia, global development delay, developmental regress and severe to profound intellectual disability, infantile onset seizures that are initially associated with febrile episodes with subsequent transition to unprovoked seizures, impaired vision with esotropia and nystagmus, progressive cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, skeletal abnormalities (including brachycephaly, scoliosis, slender long bones, delayed bone age, pectus excavatum and osteopenia), inverted nipples and dysmorphic features including high and narrow forehead, frontal bossing, short nose, depressed nasal bridge, anteverted nares, high palate and wide open mouth consistent with facial hypotonia. Other features may include cardiac abnormalities (such as patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defects), urogenital abnormalities (such as nephrocalcinosis, urolithiasis), and low plasma concentration of alkaline phosphatase. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| A rare partial autosomal monosomy characterized by global development delay, intellectual disability, behavioral abnormalities (hyperactivity, attention deficit and autistic behaviors), brachycephaly and variable facial dysmorphism. Other associated features may include vertebral fusions, mild contractures of knees and elbows, and feeding difficulties during infancy. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| Developmental delay with autism spectrum disorder and gait instability is a rare, genetic, neurological disorder characterized by infant hypotonia and feeding difficulties, global development delay, mild to moderated intellectual disability, delayed independent ambulation, broad-based gait with arms upheld and flexed at the elbow with brisk walking or running, and limited language skills. Behavior patterns are highly variable and range from sociable and affectionate to autistic behavior. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| A rare partial autosomal trisomy/tetrasomy characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, autistic behavior, muscular hypotonia, macrocephaly and facial dysmorphism (frontal bossing, short palpebral fissures, low set, dysplastic ears, short or shallow philtrum, high arched or narrow palate, micrognathia). Other associated clinical features include sleep disturbances, seizures, aplasia/hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, skeletal abnormalities (large hands and feet, long fingers and toes, talipes). |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| A rare partial autosomal trisomy/tetrasomy characterized by obesity, global developmental delay and intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism (synophrys, high-arched eyebrows, large posteriorly rotated ears, upturned nose, long smooth philtrum, overbite and high palate), large hands and limb hypotonia. Additional features include seizures and behavioral abnormalities. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| A rare autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia-epilepsy-intellectual disability syndrome characterized by early-childhood onset of cerebellar ataxia associated with generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy and psychomotor development delay, dysarthria, gaze-evoked nystagmus and learning disability. Other features in some patients include upper motor neuron signs with leg spasticity and extensor plantar responses, and mild cerebellar atrophy on brain MRI. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| Recessive intellectual disability-motor dysfunction-multiple joint contractures syndrome is a rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterized by severe intellectual disability, progressive, postnatal, multiple joint contractures and severe motor dysfunction. Patients present arrest and regression of motor function and speech acquisition, as well as contractures which begin in lower limbs and slowly progress in an ascending manner to include spine and neck, resulting in individuals presenting a specific fixed position. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| Kagami-Ogata syndrome is a rare genetic disease characterized by polyhydramnios (mostly due to placentomegaly), fetal macrosomia, abdominal wall defects, skeletal abnormalities (including bell-shaped thorax, coat-hanger appearance of the ribs and decreased mid to wide thorax diameter ratio in infancy), feeding difficulties and impaired swallowing, dysmorphic features (hairy forehead, full cheeks, protruding philtrum, micrognathia), developmental delay and intellectual disability. Additional features may include kyphoscoliosis, joint contractures, diastasis recti, muscular hypotonia. There is increased risk of hepatoblastoma. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| A rare, genetic, neuro-endocrino-cutaneous disorder characterised by highly variable degrees of alopecia, moderate to severe intellectual disability, progressive, late-onset motor deterioration and combined anterior pituitary hormone deficiency, manifesting with central hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, delayed or absent puberty, growth hormone deficiency (resulting in short stature), progressive central adrenal insufficiency and a hypoplastic anterior pituitary gland. Additional features include hypodontia, flexural reticulate hyperpigmentation, gynaecomastia, microcephaly and kyphoscoliosis. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| A rare genetic malformation syndrome with short stature characterized by postnatal microcephaly, failure to thrive, global developmental delay and intellectual disability, hypotonia, dysmorphic features (short nose, depressed nasal bridge, low set ears, short neck, clinodactyly and cutaneous syndactyly of T2-3 at birth and broad forehead, midface retrusion, epicanthal folds, laterally sparse eyebrows, short nose, long philtrum, widely spaced teeth, micrognathia and coarsening of facial features later in life). Other associated features include postnatal transient generalized edema, myopia, strabismus, hypothyroidism. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| A rare genetic syndromic intellectual disability affecting males with characteristics of short stature, mild to moderate intellectual deficits, craniofacial dysmorphism (prominent broad 'square' forehead, hypertelorism, depressed nasal bridge, broad nasal tip and anteverted nares) and early hypotonia present only until the age of 2. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since the original article in 1991 and it has been suggested that this condition represents an example of FG syndrome. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| A rare syndromic microphthalmia disorder with characteristics of microphthalmia with coloboma (which may involve the iris, ciliary body, choroid, retina and/or optic nerve), microcephaly, short stature and intellectual disability. Other eye abnormalities such as pendular nystagmus, esotropia and ptosis may also be present. Additional associated abnormalities include kyphoscoliosis, anteverted pinnae with minimal convolutions, diastema of the incisors and congenital pes varus. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| A rare syndromic intellectual disability characterised by early developmental delay with failure to thrive, intellectual disability, congenital hepatic fibrosis, renal cystic dysplasia, and dysmorphic facial features (bilateral ptosis, anteverted nostrils, high arched palate, and micrognathia). Variable additional features have been reported, including cerebellar anomalies, postaxial polydactyly, syndactyly, genital anomalies, tachypnoea. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1987. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| A rare genetic malformation syndrome with characteristics of microcephaly, borderline intellectual disability, hyperpigmentation of the skin, short stature, and ventricular extrasystoles. Cardiac syncope may also be associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1975. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
7 |
| A rare genetic adrenal disorder with characteristics of congenital bronzed hyperpigmentation, cutis laxa of the hands and feet, body disproportion (comprising large hands, feet, nose and ears), hirsutism and severe intellectual disability. Patients additionally present hyperadrenocorticism, cushingoid features, premature adrenarche and diabetes mellitus, as well as skeletal deformities (not present at birth and which progress with age). There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1981. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-deafness-intellectual disability syndrome is a rare demyelinating hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy characterised by early-onset, slowly progressive, distal muscular weakness and atrophy with no sensory impairment, congenital sensorineural deafness and mild intellectual disability (with absence of normal speech development). The absence of large, myelinated fibres on sural nerve biopsy is equally characteristic of the disease. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| Grubben-de Cock-Borghgraef syndrome is a rare intellectual disability syndrome characterized by pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, generalized muscular hypotonia, developmental delay (particularly of speech and language), hypotrophy of distal extremities, small and puffy hands and feet, eczematous skin and dental anomalies (i.e. small, widely spaced teeth). Partial agenesis of the corpus callosum and a selective immunoglobulin IgG2 subclass deficiency have also been reported in some patients. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Dysmorphism-cleft palate-loose skin syndrome is a rare, genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis characterized by severe psychomotor delay, intellectual disability, congenital, symmetrical circumferential skin creases of arms and legs, cleft palate, and facial dysmorphism (including elongated face, high forehead, blepharophimosis, short palpebral fissures, microphthalmia, microcornea, epicanthic folds, telecanthus, microtia, posteriorly angulated ears, broad nasal bridge, microstomia and micrognathia). Additional features reported include short stature, microcephaly, hypotonia, pectus excavatum, severe scoliosis, hypoplastic scrotum, and mixed hearing loss. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| Craniofaciofrontodigital syndrome is a rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by mild intellectual disability, short stature, cardiac anomalies, mild dysmorphic features (macrocephaly, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, exophthalmos), cutis laxa, joint hyperlaxity, wrinkled palms and soles and skeletal anomalies (sella turcica, wide ribs and small vertebral bodies). |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
7 |
| A rare neuro-ophthalmological disease characterized by nonprogressive cerebellar ataxia, delayed motor and language development and intellectual disability, in addition to ophthalmological abnormalities (e.g. oculomotor apraxia, strabismus, amblyopia, retinal dystrophy and myopia). Cerebellar cysts, cerebellar dysplasia and cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, seen on magnetic resonance imaging, are also characteristic of the disease. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Intellectual disability-obesity-brain malformations-facial dysmorphism syndrome is a rare, syndromic intellectual disability primarily characterized by moderate to severe intellectual disability, true-to-relative microcephaly and brain abnormalities including a thin corpus callosum, cerebellar hypoplasia, cerebral white matter hypoplasia and multi-focal hyperintensity of cerebral white matter on MRI. Obesity and distinctive craniofacial dysmorphism (including brachycephaly, round face, straight eyebrows, synophrys, hypertelorism, epicanthus, wide and depressed nasal bridge, protruding ears with uplifted lobe, downslanting corners of the mouth) are additional features. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| Cerebrofacioarticular syndrome is a rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by mild to severe intellectual disability, a distinctive facial gestalt (blepharophimosis, maxillary hypoplasia, telecanthus, microtia and atresia of the external auditory meatus) as well as skeletal and articular abnormalities (e.g. camptodactyly of the fingers, cutaneous syndactyly, talipes equinovarus, flexion contractures of the proximal interphalangeal joints, hip or elbow subluxation, joint laxity). Affected individuals also present neonatal hypotonia, variable respiratory manifestations, chronic feeding difficulties and gray matter heterotopia. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Ichthyosis-alopecia-eclabion-ectropion-intellectual disability syndrome is an ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by severe generalized lamellar icthyosis at birth with alopecia, eclabium, ectropion and intellectual disability. Although similar to Sjögren-Larsson syndrome, this syndrome lacks the presence of neurologic or macular changes. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1987. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| A developmental anomaly characterized at birth by the presence of right-sided aortic arch, craniofacial dysmorphism (microcephaly, asymmetric, facial bones, broad forehead, borderline hypertelorism, nasal septum deviation, large nasal cavity, large, posteriorly rotated ears, and microstomia with downturned corners), and intellectual disability. These features were observed in 4 members of one family, involving 2 successive generations, suggesting an autosomal dominant mode of transmission. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1968. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| A rare, genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by short stature, hypertrichosis (most commonly of the back or elbow regions), facial dysmorphism, behavioral problems, developmental delay and, most commonly, mild to moderate intellectual disability. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| Intellectual disability due to nutritional deficiency (disorder) |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Craniodigital syndrome - intellectual deficit is characterized by syndactyly of the fingers and toes, characteristic facies (startled facial expression with a small, pointed nose, micrognathia, long dark eyelashes and prominent eyebrows) and intellectual deficit. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Hypotonia-speech impairment-severe cognitive delay syndrome is a rare, genetic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe, persistent hypotonia (presenting at birth or in early infancy), severe global developmental delay (with poor or absent speech, difficulty or inability to roll, sit or walk), profound intellectual disability, and failure to thrive. Additional manifestations include microcephaly, progressive peripheral spasticity, bilateral strabismus and nystagmus, constipation, and variable dysmorphic facial features (including plagiocephaly, broad forehead, small nose, low-set ears, micrognathia and open mouth with tented upper lip). |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Intellectual disability-alacrima-achalasia syndrome is a rare, genetic intellectual disability syndrome characterized by delayed motor and cognitive development, absence or severe delay in speech development, intellectual disability, and alacrima. Achalasia/dysphagia and mild autonomic dysfunction (i.e. anisocoria) have also been reported in some patients. The phenotype is similar to the one observed in autosomal recessive Triple A syndrome but differs by the presence of intellectual disability in all affected individuals. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Intellectual disability-polydactyly-uncombable hair syndrome is a multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, postaxial polydactyly, phalangeal hypoplasia, 2-3 toe syndactyly, uncombable hair and facial dysmorphism (including frontal bossing, hypotelorism, narrow palpebral fissures, nasal bridge and lips, prominent nasal root, large abnormal ears with prominent antihelix, poorly folded helix, underdeveloped lobule and antitragus, and micrognathia evolving into prognathism). Cryptorchidism, conductive hearing loss and progressive thoracic kyphosis were also reported. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| Intellectual disability-spasticity-ectrodactyly syndrome is a rare intellectual disability syndrome characterized by severe intellectual disability, spastic paraplegia (with wasting of the lower limbs) and distal transverse defects of the limbs (e.g. ectrodactyly, syndactyly, clinodactyly of the hands and/or feet). |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| Intellectual disability-brachydactyly-Pierre Robin syndrome is a rare developmental defect during embryogenesis syndrome characterized by mild to moderate intellectual disability and psychomotor delay, Robin sequence (including severe micrognathia and soft palate cleft) and distinct dysmorphic facial features (e.g. synophrys, short palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, small, low-set, and posteriorly angulated ears, bulbous nose, long/flat philtrum, and bow-shaped upper lip). Skeletal anomalies, such as brachydactyly, clinodactyly, small hands and feet, and oral manifestations (e.g. bifid, short tongue, oligodontia) are also associated. Additional features reported include microcephaly, capillary hemangiomas on face and scalp, ventricular septal defect, corneal clouding, nystagmus and profound sensorineural deafness. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Intellectual disability, Wolff type is a rare intellectual disability syndrome characterized by severe intellectual disability, characteristic facial features (low anterior hairline, upward slanting palpebral fissures, ocular hypertelorism, broad, bulbous nose, large ears with helix incompletely developed, thick lips, and micrognathia) and additional anomalies including peripheral joint contractures, delayed skeletal maturation, bilateral cleft lip and palate, strabismus, terminal hypoplasia of fingers, hypospadias, and bilateral inguinal hernias. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Macrocephaly-developmental delay syndrome is a rare, intellectual disability syndrome characterized by macrocephaly, mild dysmorphic features (frontal bossing, long face, hooded eye lids with small, downslanting palpebral fissures, broad nasal bridge, and prominent chin), global neurodevelopmental delay, behavioral abnormalities (e.g. anxiety, stereotyped movements) and absence or generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Additional features reported in some patients include craniosynostosis, fifth finger clinodactyly, recurrent pneumonia, and hepatosplenomegaly. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| A rare multisystemic genetic disorder characterized by characteristic facial features with macrocephaly, overgrowth in infancy, intellectual disability and behavioral problems including anxieties and aggressiveness. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
5 |
| Corpus callosum agenesis-abnormal genitalia syndrome is a rare, genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis syndrome characterized by agenesis of the corpus callosum, mild to severe neurological manifestations (intellectual disability, developmental delay, epilepsy, dystonia), and urogenital anomalies (hypospadias, cryptorchidism, renal dysplasia, ambiguous genitalia). Additionally, skeletal anomalies (limb contractures, scoliosis), dysmorphic facial features (prominent supraorbital ridges, synophrys, large eyes) and optic atrophy have been observed. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| Orofaciodigital syndrome type 14 is a rare subtype of orofaciodigital syndrome, with autosomal recessive inheritance and C2CD3 mutations, characterized by severe microcephaly, trigonocephaly, severe intellectual disability and micropenis, in addition to oral, facial and digital malformations (gingival frenulae, lingual hamartomas, cleft/lobulated tongue, cleft palate, telecanthus, up-slanting palpebral fissures, microretrognathia, postaxial polydactyly of hands and duplication of hallux). Corpus callosum agenesis and vermis hypoplasia with molar tooth sign, on brain imaging, are also associated. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
9 |
| A rare, genetic neurological disorder characterized by the presence of diffuse pachygyria and arachnoid cysts, psychomotor developmental delay and intellectual disability. Seizures (absence, atonic and generalized tonic-clonic) and, on occasion, headache are also associated. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, short stature, skeletal abnormalities (such as brachydactyly and vertebral anomalies), obesity, cardiac, respiratory, and genitourinary anomalies, and dysmorphic facial features (including coarse facies, thick eyebrows, synophrys, hypertelorism, short, upturned nose, and long philtrum). Additional reported manifestations are microcephaly, hearing impairment, cataract, and gastroesophageal reflux. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Microcephaly-cerebellar hypoplasia-cardiac conduction defect syndrome is a rare, genetic congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by growth failure, global developmental delay, profound intellectual disability, autistic behaviors, acquired second-degree heart block with bradycardia and vasomotor instability. Hands and feet present with long fusiform fingers, campto-clinodactyly and crowded toes while craniofacial dysmorphism includes microcephaly, broad forehead, thin eyebrows, upslanting palpebral fissures, large ears with prominent antihelix, prominent nose, long philtrum, thin upper lip vermillion and prominent lower lip. Neurological signs include hypotonia, brisk reflexes, dystonic-like movements and truncal ataxia and imaging shows cerebellar hypoplasia and simplified gyral pattern. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
8 |
| Intellectual disability, Birk-Barel type is a rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by congenital central hypotonia, developmental delay, moderate to severe intellectual disability and subtle dysmorphic features which evolve over time (dolichocephaly, myopathic facies, ptosis, short and broad philtrum, tented upper lip vermillion, palatal anomalies, mild micro- and/or retrognathia). Patients present reduced facial movements, lethargy, weak cry, transient neonatal hypoglycemia, severe feeding difficulties and failure to thrive. Dysphagia, particularly of solid food, asthenic body build, joint contractures and scoliosis are additional features. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Cryptorchidism-arachnodactyly-intellectual disability syndrome is a rare, multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by psychomotor delay, severe intellectual deficit, severe muscle hypoplasia (with absence of subcutaneous fatty tissue), generalized contractures, craniofacial dysmorphic features (dolichocephaly, esotropia, ears of unequal size, high palate), chest and spinal deformities (i.e. sternum shifted to side, kyphoscoliosis), pulmonary anomalies (unilateral hypoplastic bronchial system), arachnodactyly, and genital abnormalities (cryptorchidism, hypospadias, testicular agenesis). Repeated respiratory tract infections and atelectasis are also associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1970. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Intellectual disability-myopathy-short stature-endocrine defect syndrome is a rare congenital myopathy syndrome characterized by nonprogressive myopathy (manifesting with mild facial and generalized weakness, bilateral ptosis, and severe lumbar lordosis), severe intellectual disability, short stature, and sexual infantilism (due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism). The presence of a small pituitary fossa was also noted. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1985. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| Focal epilepsy-intellectual disability-cerebro-cerebellar malformation is a rare, genetic neurological disorder characterized by early infantile-onset of seizures, borderline to moderate intellectual disability, cerebellar features including dysarthria and ataxia and cerebellar atrophy and cortical thickening observed on MRI imaging. Seizures are typically focal (with prominent eye blinking, facial and limb jerking), precipitated by fever and often commence with an oral sensory aura (anesthetized tongue sensation). When not properly controlled by anti-epileptic medication, weekly frequency and persistence into adult life is observed. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Disease with characteristics of recurrent seizures, encephalopathy and intellectual disability with onset of symptoms typically beginning in infancy. Seizures may be refractory and intellectual disability may be mild to severe. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy may occur in rare cases. The disease is caused by mutations in the SCN8A gene, which provides instructions for making the alpha subunit of Nav1.6. Follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance however most cases of this condition result from de novo mutation. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
| A neurological disorder with characteristics of moderate to severe developmental delay and intellectual disability and mild dysmorphic features. Early symptoms include hypotonia, delayed development of motor skills, speech delay, hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, and fingers with tapered ends. Other features include microcephaly, seizures, recurrent ear infections, strabismus, amblyopia and hyperopia. Behavioral problems such as hyperactivity, attention deficit disorder, aggression, anxiety and autism spectrum occur in some cases. Caused by mutations in the HIVEP2 gene leading to a shortage of functional HIVEP2 protein. Inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern however most cases of this condition result from de novo mutations in the gene. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| X-linked intellectual disability-hypogonadism-ichthyosis-obesity-short stature syndrome is a rare X-linked intellectual disability syndrome characterized by intellectual disability associated with short stature, obesity, primary hypogonadism and an ichthyosiform skin condition. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1982. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| A rare, genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by severe short stature and craniofacial dysmorphism (microcephaly, narrow face with flat cheeks, ptosis, prominent nose with a convex ridge, low-set ears with small or absent lobes, high-arched/cleft palate, micrognathia), associated with premature graying and loss of scalp hair, redundant, dry and wrinkled skin of the palms, premature senility and varying degrees of intellectual disability. Cryptorchidism and skeletal anomalies may also be observed. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1970. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| Brachydactyly-mesomelia-intellectual disability-heart defects syndrome is a rare, genetic, multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, thin habitus with narrow shoulders, mesomelic shortness of the arms, craniofacial dysmorphism (e.g. long lower face, maxillary hypoplasia, beak nose, short columella, prognathia, high arched palate, obtuse mandibular angle), brachydactyly (mostly involving middle phalanges) and cardiovascular anomalies (i.e. aortic root dilatation, mitral valve prolapse). |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
8 |
| Nijmegen breakage syndrome-like disorder is a rare, genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by growth retardation, short stature, developmental delay, intellectual disability, craniofacial dysmorphism (i.e. severe microcephaly, sloping forehead, prominent eyes, broad nasal ridge, hypoplastic nasal septum, epicanthal folds), spontaneous chromosomal instability, cellular hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation and radioresistant DNA synthesis, without severe infections, immunodeficiency or cancer predisposition. Additional reported features include mild spasticity, slight and nonprogressive ataxia, hyperopia, multiple pigmented nevi, widely spaced nipples, and clinodactyly. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
6 |
| A rare syndromic intellectual disability characterized by global developmental delay, gastrointestinal problems, hypotonia, delayed speech, behavioral and sleep problems, pain insensitivity, seizures, structural brain anomalies, dysmorphic features, visual problems, early tooth eruption and autistic features. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
3 |
| Epiphyseal dysplasia-hearing loss-dysmorphism syndrome is a rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, short stature, sensorineural hearing impairment, facial dysmorphism (including epicanthus, broad, depressed nasal bridge, broad, fleshy nasal tip, mildly anteverted nares, deep nasolabial folds, broad mouth with thin upper lip) and skeletal anomalies (including abnormally placed thumbs, brachydactyly, scoliosis, dysplastic carpal bones). Patients also present severe behavior disturbances (aggression, hyperactivity), as well as hypopigmented skin lesions and hypoplastic digital patterns. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1992. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
8 |
| Diencephalic-mesencephalic junction dysplasia is a rare, genetic, non-syndromic cerebral malformation characterized by severe intellectual disability, progressive postnatal microcephaly, axial hypotonia, spastic quadriparesis, seizures and facial dysmorphism (bushy eyebrows, hairy forehead, broad nasal root, long flat philtrum, V-shaped upper lip). Additionally, talipes equinovarus, non-obstructive cardiomyopathy, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, obstructive hydrocephalus and autistic features may also be associated. On brain magnetic resonance imaging, the butterfly sign is characteristically observed and cortical calcifications, agenesis of the corpus callosum, ventriculomegaly, brainstem dysplasia and cerebellar vermis hypoplasia have also been described. |
Has interpretation |
True |
Impaired |
Inferred relationship |
Some |
4 |
FHIR