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| Cataract-congenital heart disease-neural tube defect syndrome is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by sacral neural tube defects resulting in tethered cord, atrial and/or ventricular septal heart defects (that are detected in infancy), bilateral, symmetrical hyperopia, rapidly progressive early childhood cataracts, bilateral aphakic glaucoma, and abnormal facial features (low frontal hairline, small ears, short philtrum, prominent, widely spaced central incisors, and micrognathia). Hypotonia, growth and developmental delay, seizures, and joint limitation are also reported. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare mitochondrial disease characterized by a highly variable phenotypic spectrum comprising delayed motor development, peripheral neuropathy, cataract, short stature due to growth hormone deficiency, nystagmus, sensorineural hearing loss, dysmorphic facial features, and skeletal abnormalities consistent with spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia. Hyperextensible joints, achalasia, and telangiectasia have also been described. Cognition is normal. Atrophy of the pituitary gland has been observed in brain imaging. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Catel-Manzke syndrome is a rare bone disease characterized by bilateral hyperphalangy and clinodactyly of the index finger typically in association with Pierre Robin sequence comprising micrognathia, cleft palate and glossoptosis. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic cerebral small vessel disease characterized by an adult-onset primary microangiopathy with severe atherosclerosis of arterioles and secondary leukoencephalopathy. Patients may present with migraine, transient ischemic attacks, stroke with central facial palsy, cognitive dysfunction with impaired concentration, dementia, depression, movement disorder, vertigo, dysphagia, dysarthria, sicca syndrome, impaired REM sleep, and therapy-resistant hypertension, among others. Brain MRI typically shows a leukoencephalopathy that is disproportionately severe and extensive compared to the clinical disease. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Caudal appendage-deafness syndrome is characterized by caudal appendage, short terminal phalanges, deafness, cryptorchidism, intellectual deficit, short stature and dysmorphism. It has been described in monozygotic twin boys. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare common cystic lymphatic malformation characterized by a benign cystic lesion composed of dilated lymphatic channels. Macrocystic lesions consist of cysts larger than 1 cm in diameter. They usually present at birth or during the first years of life and most often occur in the head and neck region but may affect any site. Symptoms depend on the location and extent of the lesion. Infection, trauma, or intracystic hemorrhage can lead to lesional expansion. Malignant transformation does not occur. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Celiac disease, epilepsy and cerebral calcification syndrome (CEC) is a rare disorder characterized by the combination of auto-immune intestinal disease, epileptic seizures and cerebral calcifications. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, genetic lipodystrophy characterized by abnormal subcutaneous fat distribution, resulting in preservation of visceral, neck and axillary fat and absence of lower limb and femoro gluteal subcutaneous fat. Additional clinical features are acanthosis nigricans, insulin-resistant type II diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, leading to pancreatitis, hepatomegaly and hepatic steatosis. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic neurological disorder characterized by early-onset progressive leukoencephalopathy, severe developmental delay, early-onset or congenital deafness (only few cases reported without hearing loss), and visual impairment. All patients manifest calcifications in brain and spinal cord. Cognitive impairment, seizures, hypotonia, spastic tetraplegia or quadriplegia are observed in the majority of the patients. Variable features may include microcephaly and anemia. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, autosomal recessive, congenital, cerebellar ataxia disorder characterized by hypotonia from birth, marked psychomotor delay and prominent cerebellar dysfunction (manifesting with nystagmus, intention tremor, dysarthria, ataxic gait and truncal ataxia), described in an isolated population of the Grand Cayman Island. Cerebellar hypoplasia, observed on CT scan, may be associated. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare syndromic cerebellar ataxia characterized by hypodontia and sparse hair in combination with cerebellar ataxia and normal intelligence. Imaging demonstrates a cerebellar atrophy. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A very rare autosomal recessive, slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the triad of cerebellar ataxia (that generally manifests at adolescence or early adulthood), chorioretinal dystrophy, which may have a later onset (up to the fifth-sixth decade) leading to variable degrees of visual impairment, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (delayed puberty and lack of secondary sex characteristics). Ataxia-hypogonadism-choroidal dystrophy syndrome belongs to a clinical continuum of neurodegenerative disorders along with the clinically overlapping cerebellar ataxia-hypogonadism syndrome. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare slowly progressive autosomal recessive syndromic cerebellar ataxia characterized by late-onset cerebellar dysfunction (including gait and limb ataxia, nystagmus, and dysarthria), bilateral vestibulopathy (abnormal vestibulo-ocular reflex), and axonal sensory neuropathy. Variable features may include chronic cough and autonomic dysfunction. Brain imaging usually shows cerebellar atrophy. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia characterized by onset of dystonia and other extrapyramidal signs, ataxia, oculomotor apraxia, and progressive sensorimotor polyneuropathy in the first decade of life. Patients present distal muscle weakness and atrophy, decreased vibratory sensation, and areflexia, and usually become wheelchair-bound by the third decade. Variable cognitive impairment may also be seen. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare autosomal dominant neurological disorder characterized by early onset cerebellar ataxia, associated with areflexia, progressive optic atrophy, sensorineural deafness, a pes cavus deformity, and abnormal eye movements. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare neuro-ophthalmological disease characterized by nonprogressive cerebellar ataxia, delayed motor and language development and intellectual disability, in addition to ophthalmological abnormalities (e.g. oculomotor apraxia, strabismus, amblyopia, retinal dystrophy and myopia). Cerebellar cysts, cerebellar dysplasia and cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, seen on magnetic resonance imaging, are also characteristic of the disease. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A disorder that is characterized by the association of a non-progressive congenital ataxia, severe intellectual deficit, optic atrophy and structural anomalies of the skin vessels. It has been described in five children from a large consanguineous Lebanese family. Short stature and microcephaly were also reported. Transmission is autosomal recessive. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by central nervous system abnormalities (particularly cerebellar hypoplasia), congenital microcephaly, intellectual disability, severe neurodevelopmental delay, growth impairment, dystonia, eye abnormalities (particularly cataract whereas retinal dystrophy and Leber congenital amaurosis are also reported) and congenital dyserythropoietic anemia. Additional clinical features may include other structural brain abnormalities (such as cerebral atrophy, basal ganglia atrophy, brainstem hypoplasia), feeding difficulties, sleep disturbances, hepatomegaly, and sensorineural deafness. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, autosomal recessive, multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized mainly by developmental delay, variable intellectual disability, microcephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, dysmorphic features (central incisors macrodontia and slender fingers), short stature and variable congenital anomalies. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, genetic, neurocutaneous disease characterized by severe developmental abnormalities of the nervous system and aberrant differentiation of the epidermis. Patients present with a unique constellation of clinical signs described with the acronym CEDNIK: CErebral Dysgenesis, Neuropathy, Ichthyosis, and palmoplantar Keratoderma. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic syndrome with a central nervous system malformation as a major feature, characterized by a triad of high alpha-fetoprotein levels in both maternal serum and amniotic fluid, cerebral ventriculomegaly, and renal macro- and microcysts. Variable findings include congenital nephrotic syndrome, aqueductal stenosis, gray matter heterotopias, and cardiac malformations, among others. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia or Pascual-Castroviejo syndrome type 1 is a rare syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphism, intellectual deficit and costovertebral abnormalities. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Codas syndrome is a multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by Cerebral, Ocular, Dental, Auricular and Skeletal anomalies. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Cerebrofacioarticular syndrome is a rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by mild to severe intellectual disability, a distinctive facial gestalt (blepharophimosis, maxillary hypoplasia, telecanthus, microtia and atresia of the external auditory meatus) as well as skeletal and articular abnormalities (e.g. camptodactyly of the fingers, cutaneous syndactyly, talipes equinovarus, flexion contractures of the proximal interphalangeal joints, hip or elbow subluxation, joint laxity). Affected individuals also present neonatal hypotonia, variable respiratory manifestations, chronic feeding difficulties and gray matter heterotopia. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Cerebro-oculo-nasal syndrome is a multisystem malformation syndrome that has been reported in about 10 patients. The clinical features include bilateral anophthalmia, abnormal nares, central nervous system anomalies, and neurodevelopmental delay. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic syndrome characterized by the association of congenital hypertrichosis in the anterior cervical region with peripheral sensory and motor neuropathy. Associated features may include retinal anomalies, spina bifida, kyphoscoliosis and hallux valgus, and developmental delay (one case). There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1993. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare extraskeletal chondroma located in the head and neck region, histologically typically characterized by lobules of mature, adult hyaline cartilage with chondrocytic cells identifiable in lacunae, and prominent fibrosis. Malignant transformation has not been described. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare dysraphic spinal cord lipoma with characteristics of a lipomatous mass extending ventrally to the dorsal root entry zone, indicating a more severe malformation of the spinal cord. The diagnosis can be suggested on imaging but usually confirmed during surgery. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 2B1 (CMT2B1, also referred to as CMT4C1) is an axonal CMT peripheral sensorimotor polyneuropathy. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 2B2 (CMT2B2, also referred to as CMT4C3) is an axonal CMT peripheral sensorimotor polyneuropathy that has been described in a large consanguineous Costa Rican family of Spanish ancestry. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 2H (CMT2H, also referred to as CMT4C2) is an axonal CMT peripheral sensorimotor polyneuropathy associated with pyramidal involvement. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare subtype of axonal hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy characterized by progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy of both the lower and upper limbs, absent or reduced deep tendon reflexes, mild sensory loss, foot drop, and pes cavus leading eventually to wheelchair dependance. Some patients present with early hypotonia and delayed motor development. Scoliosis and variable autonomic disturbances may be associated. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare autosomal recessive axonal hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy characterized by adult onset of slowly progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy, sensory impairment, and decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes predominantly in the lower extremities. Patients present gait disturbances but remain ambulatory. Mild involvement of the upper limbs may be seen. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4A (CMT4A) is a subtype of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4 characterized by early-onset (infancy to early childhood) of severe, rapidly progressing demyelinating, axonal, or intermediate sensorimotor neuropathy usually affecting first, and more severely, the distal lower extremities and later the proximal muscles and upper extremities. Nerve conduction velocities range from very slow to normal. Apart from the typical CMT phenotype (distal muscle weakness and atrophy, sensory loss, frequent pes cavus foot deformity), patients commonly present delayed motor development, vocal cord paresis, mild sensory loss, abolished deep tendon reflexes, and skeletal deformities. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4B1 (CMT4B1) is a subtype of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4 characterized by an early childhood-onset of severe, demyelinating sensorimotor neuropathy, various degrees of complex myelin outfoldings seen on peripheral nerve biopsy, very slow, and often undetectable, nerve conduction velocities, and the typical CMT phenotype (i.e. distal muscle weakness and atrophy, sensory loss, and frequent pes cavus). Other reported features include facial weakness, vocal cord paresis, respiratory difficulties, and skeletal deformities (e.g. chest deformities, claw hands, pes equinovarus). |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4B2 (CMT4B2) is a subtype of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4 characterized by a severe, early childhood-onset of demyelinating sensorimotor neuropathy, early-onset glaucoma, focally folded myelin sheaths in the peripheral nerves, severely reduced nerve conduction velocities, and the typical CMT phenotype (i.e. distal muscle weakness and atrophy, sensory loss, and frequent pes cavus). Severe visual impairment leading to visual loss has also been reported. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4B3 (CMT4B3) is a subtype of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4 characterized by a childhood onset of slowly progressing, demyelinating sensorimotor neuropathy, focally folded myelin sheaths in nerve biopsy, reduced nerve conduction velocities (less than 38 m/s), and the typical CMT phenotype (i.e. distal muscle weakness and atrophy, and sensory loss). |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4C (CMT4C) is a subtype of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4 characterized by childhood or adolescent-onset of a relatively mild, demyelinating sensorimotor neuropathy that contrasts with a severe, rapidly progressing, early-onset scoliosis, and the typical CMT phenotype (i.e. distal muscle weakness and atrophy, sensory loss, and often foot deformity). A wide spectrum of nerve conduction velocities are observed and cranial nerve involvement and kyphoscoliosis have also been reported. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4D (CMT4D) is a subtype of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4 characterized by a childhood-onset of severe, progressive, demyelinating sensorimotor neuropathy manifesting with distal muscle weakness and atrophy, sensorineural hearing impairment leading to deafness (usually in third decade), severely reduced nerve conduction velocities, and skeletal, especially foot, deformities. Tongue atrophy has also been reported. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4E (CMT4E) is a congenital, hypomyelinating subtype of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4 characterized by a Dejerine-Sottas syndrome-like phenotype (including hypotonia and/or delayed motor development in infancy), extremely slow nerve conduction velocities, potential respiratory dysfunction, cranial nerve involvement, and the typical CMT phenotype, i.e. distal muscle weakness and atrophy, sensory loss, and foot deformity. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4F (CMT4F) is a severe, demyelinating subtype of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4 characterised by the childhood onset of a slowly-progressing typical CMT phenotype (i.e. distal muscle weakness and atrophy, as well as pes cavus) that presents severe sensory loss (frequently with sensory ataxia), moderately to severely reduced motor nerve conduction velocities and almost invariable absence of sensory nerve action potentials, and delayed motor milestones. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4G (CMT4G) is a subtype of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4 characterized by early childhood onset of progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy, delayed motor development, prominent distal sensory impairment, areflexia, moderately reduced nerve conduction velocities, and foot and hand deformities in Balkan (Russe) Gypsies. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4H is a subtype of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4 characterized by onset before two years of age of severe, slowly progressive, demyelinating sensorimotor neuropathy manifesting with delayed motor development (walking), unsteady gait, distal muscle weakness and atrophy (more prominent in the lower limbs), areflexia, mild symmetrical stocking-distribution hypoesthesia, and skeletal malformations (including kyphoscoliosis, short neck, pes cavus and pes equinus). Severely reduced nerve conduction velocities are associated. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4J is a subtype of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4 characterized by childhood- to adulthood-onset of variably severe, rapidly progressive, axonal and demyelinating sensorimotor neuropathy typically manifesting with delayed motor development, proximal and distal asymmetric muscle weakness and atrophy of the lower and upper extremities, severe motor dysfunction with mildly reduced sensory impairment, and areflexia. Nerve conduction velocities range from very mildly to severely reduced. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1D (CMT1D) is a form of CMT1, caused by mutations in the EGR2 gene (10q21.1), with a variable severity and age of onset (from infancy to adulthood), that usually presents with gait abnormalities, progressive wasting and weakness of distal limb muscles, with possible later involvement of proximal muscles, foot deformity and severe reduction in nerve conduction velocity. Additional features may include scoliosis, cranial nerve deficits such as diplopia, and bilateral vocal cord paresis. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare subtype of CMT1 characterized by a variable clinical presentation. Onset within the first two years of life with a delay in walking is not uncommon; however, onset may occur later. CMT1E is caused by point mutations in the PMP22 (17p12) gene. The disease severity depends on the particular PMP22 mutation, with some cases being very mild and even resembling hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies, while others having an earlier onset with a more severe phenotype (reminiscent of Dejerine-Sottas syndrome) than that seen in CMT1A, caused by gene duplication. These severe cases may also report deafness and much slower motor nerve conduction velocities compared to CMT1A patients. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1F (CMT1F) is a form of CMT1, with a variable clinical presentation that can range from severe impairment with onset in childhood to mild impairment appearing during adulthood. CMT1F is characterized by a progressive peripheral motor and sensory neuropathy with distal paresis in the lower limbs that varies from mild weakness to complete paralysis of the distal muscle groups, absent tendon reflexes and reduced nerve conduction. CMT1F represents the demyelinating form of CMT2E and is caused by mutations in the NEFL gene (8p21.2). |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-deafness-intellectual disability syndrome is a rare demyelinating hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy characterised by early-onset, slowly progressive, distal muscular weakness and atrophy with no sensory impairment, congenital sensorineural deafness and mild intellectual disability (with absence of normal speech development). The absence of large, myelinated fibres on sural nerve biopsy is equally characteristic of the disease. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by the common manifestations found in oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndromes (OLHS) group such as hypoplasia of the mandible, variable limb anomalies like syndactyly and ectrodactyly, small mouth, cleft palate and hypodontia, accompanied by other clinical signs such as facial paralysis, facial asymmetry, hypertelorism, hypoglossia/aglossia, absent or conically crowned incisors and, ectromelia. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1976. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
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| Cardiac tumors are benign or malignant neoplasms arising primarily in the inner lining, muscle layer, or the surrounding pericardium of the heart. They can be primary or metastatic. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic neurodegenerative disease characterized by sudden onset of progressive motor deterioration and regression of developmental milestones. Manifestations include dystonia and muscle spasms, dysphagia, dysarthria, and eventually loss of speech and ambulation. Brain MRI shows predominantly striatal abnormalities. The disease is potentially associated with a fatal outcome. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic hyperkinetic movement disorder characterized predominantly by chorea of variable severity, associated with bilateral striatal abnormalities on cerebral MRI. The disease is scarcely progressive, and cognitive performance is preserved in the majority of cases, although mild cognitive delay has also been reported. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic neurodegenerative disease characterized by childhood onset of slowly progressive motor and cognitive regression, resulting in intellectual disability and loss of language and ambulation, associated with the appearance of dystonia, parkinsonism, chorea, or rigidity. Ataxia, dysarthria, and seizures have also been reported. Head circumference percentiles may decline over time. Brain imaging shows progressive cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, in some patients also thinning of the corpus callosum. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Childhood onset nemaline myopathy, or mild nemaline myopathy is a type of nemaline myopathy characterized by distal muscle weakness, and sometimes slowness of muscle contraction. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A progressive muscular dystrophy characterized by co-existence of limb-girdle weakness and diffuse joint contractures without cardiomyopathy. Patients present lower limb weakness progressing to involve also upper limbs and axial muscles and eventually leading to permanent loss of ambulation, widespread joint contractures in the limbs and sometimes the spine, and variable respiratory involvement. Morphological changes in muscle biopsies include rimmed vacuoles, increased internal nuclei, cytoplasmic bodies, and a dystrophic pattern. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare neurologic disease with psychiatric involvement with characteristics of prominent pre-psychotic developmental disabilities (cognitive, language, motor), socio-communicative disturbances, auditory hallucinations (visual and tactile hallucinations are rarer) preceding psychotic symptoms, presenting before 13 years of age. Co-occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g. autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) is frequent. Disease course is more severe than adult-onset form of the disease, with major neurodevelopmental impact. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by intellectual disability of variable degree, behavioral anomalies (including autism, mood disorders, obsessive-compulsive behavior, and hetero- and auto-aggression), and epilepsy. Progressive neurological symptoms like movement disorders and spasticity, as well as subtle dysmorphic features have also been reported. Heterozygous females may be as severely affected as males. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic neurodegenerative disease with characteristics of childhood-onset severe developmental delay with regression, poor motor development, speech impairment and hypotonia due to CLCN6 mutations. Most of the patients have vision abnormalities, respiratory system abnormalities (including chronic respiratory insufficiency and tracheostomy that may lead to ventilator dependency) and feeding difficulties (percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy). Skin abnormalities including hyperhidrosis can be present. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by choanal atresia, athelia or hypoplastic nipples, branchial arch abnormalities, external ear malformations, hearing loss, thyroid abnormalities, delayed or absent pubertal development, and short stature. Developmental delay/intellectual disability are variably reported. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by bilateral choanal atresia associated with characteristic cranio-facial dysmorphism (hypertelorism with narrow palpebral fissures, coloboma of inferior eyelid with presence of eyelashes medial to the defect, prominent nasal bridge, thin lips, prominent ears), that can be accompanied by hearing loss, unilateral cleft lip, preauricular tags, cardiac septal defects and anomalies of the kidneys. Affected individuals have normal intelligence. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare multiple congenital malformation syndrome, characterized by an association of cleft lip and palate, patchy pigmentary retinopathy (cat's paw), obstructive liver disease (cholestasis, portal hypertension etc.) and obstructive renal disease (ectopic ureteric insertion, obstruction, vesicoureteral reflux and hydronephrosis). Gastrointestinal tract involvement (malrotation, gastroesophageal reflux etc.) and cardiac involvement (coarctation of aorta, pulmonary artery stenosis, etc.) have also been reported. An overlap with Kabuki syndrome is debated. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Chondrodysplasia punctata, Toriello type is a rare, non-rhizomelic, primary bone dysplasia syndrome characterized by calcific stippling of epiphyses in association with minor facial abnormalities, short stature and ocular colobomata. In addition, patients present chondrodysplasia punctata, brachycephaly, flat facial profile with small nose, flat lower eyelids and low-set ears, developmental delay, brachytelephalangy and deep palmar creases. Complex congenital cardiac disease and central nervous system anomalies (including partial absence of corpus callosum, small vermis, enlargement of the cisterna magna and/or of the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles) have been reported. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare disorder of sex development affecting 46,XY individuals and characterized by complete gonadal dysgenesis (normal external female genitalia, lack of pubertal development, primary amenorrhea, and hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism) in association with severe dwarfism with generalized chondrodysplasia (bell-shaped thorax, micromelia, brachydactyly). Other reported features in the live sibling included eye anomalies (hypoplastic irides, myopia, coloboma of optic discs), dysmorphic features (deep-set eyes, upslanting palpebral fissures, puffy eyelids, large ears and mouth, mild prognathism), muscular hypoplasia, mild intellectual deficiency and severe microcephaly with cerebellar vermis hypoplasia. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare primary bone dysplasia characterized by the association of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, generalized joint laxity, and dentinogenesis imperfecta. Main skeletal abnormalities comprise short stature, narrow chest, scoliosis, mesomelic limb shortening, and brachydactyly. Radiographic features include severe metaphyseal irregularities of the tubular bones, platyspondyly with coronal clefts, cone-shaped epiphyses of the hands, square iliac wings, and coxa valga. Additional extraskeletal manifestations like pulmonary hypoplasia, cystic renal disease, and non-obstructive hydrocephalus have also been reported. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Chondroectodermal dysplasia with night blindness is a rare genetic bone development disorder characterized by proportionate short stature, nail dysplasia (enlarged, convex, hypertrophic nails), hypodontia and night blindness. Osteopenia, a tendency to present fractures, talipes varus with abnormal gait, ear infections, and watering eyes due to narrow tear ducts are frequently associated. Radiologically patients present delayed bone age on wrist X-rays, platyspondyly, and broad metaphyses of humeri with dense and thickened growth plates. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Chordoid glioma is an extremely rare glial neoplasm occurring in the region of the anterior third ventricle or hypothalamus, which is non-infiltrative and well-circumscribed and presents most frequently in middle-aged women with symptoms of memory loss and headaches and, because of its location, has a poor prognosis due to surgical morbidity. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| Brain-lung-thyroid syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by congenital hypothyroidism (CH), infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) and benign hereditary chorea. |
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Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome, characterized by the association of choroidal atrophy (sometimes regional), together with other ectodermal dysplasia features including fine and sparse hair, absent or decreased lashes and eyebrows, and possibly mild visual loss and dysplastic/thick/grooved nails. |
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Inserm Orphanet |
| An X-linked retinal dystrophy characterized by choroideremia, causing in affected males progressive nyctalopia and eventual central blindness. Obesity, moderate intellectual disability and congenital mixed (sensorineural and conductive) deafness are also observed. Female carriers show typical retinal changes indicative of the choroideremia carrier state. |
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| A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome with characteristics of developmental delay, speech delay and variable degree of intellectual disability (mostly mid-to-moderate but some patients may also have normal intelligence) due to CHD4 gene mutations. Even though clinical manifestations are significantly variable among patients, most patients manifest dysmorphic facial features (could sometimes include macrocephaly), congenital heart defects, hypotonia and ophthalmologic abnormalities. Other clinical features may include brain structure anomalies, skeletal anomalies, hearing impairment and gonadal abnormalities. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome with characteristics of mild to moderate intellectual disability, autism spectrum phenotype, macrocephaly, tall stature, gastrointestinal problems (including recurrent constipation), distinctive facial features (including wide-set eyes with down-slanted palpebral fissure, broad nose with full nasal tip, pointed chin and broad forehead with prominent supraorbital ridge) and sleep problems. Other clinical manifestations include anxiety problems, attention problems, impaired social interactions, and seizures. |
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Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare, genetic, multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by moderate to severe intellectual disability, developmental delay, macrocephaly, speech delay, and hypotonia. Dysmorphic facial features include a high, broad, and/or prominent forehead, laterally sparse eyebrows, widely spaced and deeply-set eyes, narrow palpebral fissures, low-set ears, full/prominent cheeks, midface hypoplasia, thin upper lip, and a pointed chin. Additional variable manifestations include joint laxity, abnormality of vision (including hypermetropia, strabismus, and cerebral visual impairment), genital abnormalities in males, and inguinal, umbilical, or hiatal hernia. |
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| A rare genetic disorder characterized by the association of complete or partial congenital aniridia (and associated eyes abnormalities), genitourinary anomalies (ranging from sexual ambiguity to ectopic testis), variable degrees of intellectual disability and an increased risk of developing Wilms tumors. A minority of patients develop kidney failure. Other variable findings may include obesity and duplicated halluces. |
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Inserm Orphanet |
| 3q29 microduplications are recently described chromosomal abnormalities with unclear clinical significance. |
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Inserm Orphanet |
| X-linked intellectual disability-retinitis pigmentosa syndrome is characterized by moderate intellectual deficit and severe, early-onset retinitis pigmentosa. It has been described in five males spanning three generations of one family. Some patients also had microcephaly. It is transmitted as an X-linked recessive trait. |
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Inserm Orphanet |
| Xp22.3 microdeletion syndrome is a microdeletion syndrome resulting from a partial deletion of the chromosome X. Phenotype is highly variable (depending on length of deletion), but is mainly characterized by X linked ichthyosis, mild-moderate intellectual deficit, Kallmann syndrome, short stature, chondrodysplasia punctata and ocular albinism. Epilepsy, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, autism and difficulties with social communication can be associated. |
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Inserm Orphanet |
| Xq27.3q28 duplication syndrome is a recently described syndrome characterized by short stature, hypogonadism, developmental delay and facial dysmorphism. |
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| A rare chronic immune-mediated polyneuropathy characterized by a progressive disabling neuropathy with marked gait disturbance primarily due to sensory ataxia with concurrent cranial neuropathies (internal or external ophthalmoplegia, dysphagia, dysarthria, or facial weakness) and anti-disialosyl IgM antibodies. |
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Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic disease characterized by co-occurrence of sick sinus syndrome (manifesting as sinus bradycardia, often requiring pacemaker implantation) and chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (which may be of myogenic or neurogenic origin and usually requires total parenteral nutrition), with an age of onset within the first four decades of life. Other cardiac features, such as atrial flutter or fibrillation and valve anomalies, may also be present. |
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Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare intestinal disease characterized by impaired absorption of starch and short polymers of glucose due to primary small intestinal glucoamylase deficiency. Patients present in infancy or early childhood with chronic diarrhea, abdominal distention, and bloating. Levels of pancreatic amylase are typically normal, and histopathological analysis shows normal morphology of the intestinal mucosa. |
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Inserm Orphanet |
| Chronic diarrhea with villous atrophy is a rare, genetic gastroenterological disease characterized by the early onset of chronic diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia, lactic acidosis, renal insufficiency and hepatic involvement (mild elevation of liver enzymes, steatosis, hepatomegaly). Partial villous atrophy (with eosinophilic infiltration) is observed on intestinal biopsy. Although diarrhea may resolve, the development of neurologic symptoms (cerebellar ataxia, sensorineural deafness, seizures), retinitis pigmentosa and muscle weakness may complicate disease course and lead to death. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1994. |
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Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic gastroenterological disease characterised by the presence of multiple persistent, intractable ulcers of the small intestine, leading to chronic blood and protein loss. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, anaemia, fatigue, oedema, and diarrhoea. Morphologically, the condition manifests with multiple sharply demarcated shallow lesions with irregular circular or linear shape. |
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Inserm Orphanet |
| Chronic intestinal failure (CIF) is a chronic type of intestinal failure characterized by a nonfunctioning small bowel (that may be reversible or irreversible) where the body is unable to maintain energy and nutritional needs through absorption of food or nutrients via the intestinal tract (despite being metabolically stable) and which therefore necessitates long-term parenteral feeding. CIF may be the result of congenital digestive diseases (such as gastroschisis, atresia of small intestine), short bowel syndrome, intra-abdominal or pelvic cancer, or progressive and devastating gastrointestinal or systemic benign diseases (such as Crohn disease). |
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| Chronic hiccup is a rare movement disorder characterized by involuntary spasmodic contractions of the inspiratory muscles synchronized with larynx closure lasting for more than 48 hours. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
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| A rare disorder related to pregnancy with characteristics of placental inflammatory process with clusters of histiocytes and associated fibrin in intervillous spaces, resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes including intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, and pregnancy loss. Higher grading according to the proportion of involved intervillous space has been associated with poorer outcomes. There is a significant risk of recurrence in subsequent pregnancies. |
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Inserm Orphanet |
| Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO), also known as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO), is a chronic autoinflammatory syndrome that is characterised by multiple foci of painful swelling of bones, mainly in the metaphyses of the long bones, in addition to the pelvis, the shoulder girdle and the spine. |
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| A rare inflammatory optic neuropathy characterized by severe and persistent pain followed by subacute visual loss, a relapsing-remitting course, and steroid-dependence. Involvement of both optic nerves is common and is usually sequential. Serum antibodies against aquaporin 4 are absent in most cases. Magnetic resonance imaging shows contrast enhancement of the acutely inflamed optic nerves. |
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Inserm Orphanet |
| Chuvash erythrocytosis is a rare, genetic, congenital secondary polycythemia disorder characterized by increased hemoglobin, hematocrit and erythropoietin serum levels and normal oxygen affinity, which usually manifests with headache, dizziness, dyspnea and/or plethora. Patients present an increased risk of hemorrhage, thrombosis and early death. |
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Inserm Orphanet |
| Citrullinemia type I is a rare autosomal recessive urea cycle defect characterized biologically by hyperammonemia and clinically by progressive lethargy, poor feeding and vomiting in the neonatal form and by variable hyperammonemia in the later-onset form. |
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| A severe subtype of citrin deficiency characterized clinically by adult onset (20 and 50 years of age), recurrent episodes of hyperammonemia and associated neuropsychiatric symptoms such as nocturnal delirium, confusion, restlessness, disorientation, drowsiness, memory loss, abnormal behavior (aggression, irritability, and hyperactivity), seizures, and coma. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, obesity, macrocephaly, behavioral abnormalities (such as aggressive tantrums and autistic-like behavior), and delayed speech development. Dysmorphic facial features include large, square forehead, prominent supraorbital ridges, broad nasal tip, large ears, prominent lower lip, and minor dental anomalies such as small upper lateral incisors and central incisor gap. |
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Inserm Orphanet |
| A form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) characterized by simple virilizing or salt wasting forms that can manifest with abnormal genital development with variable levels of virilization in females and with adrenal insufficiency in both sexes, and that presents with dehydration and hypoglycemia (which can be lethal if left untreated) in the neonatal period, as well as hyperandrogenism. |
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Inserm Orphanet |
| Classical mycosis fungoides is the most common type of mycosis fungoides, a form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and is characterized by slow progression from patches to more infiltrated plaques and eventually to tumors. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare systemic disease characterized by generalized joint hypermobility with recurrent joint dislocations, redundant and hyperextensible skin with poor wound healing and abnormal scarring, easy bruising, and osteopenia/osteoporosis. Additional manifestations include hypotonia, delayed motor development, foot deformities, prominent superficial veins in the chest region, vascular complications (like mitral valve prolapse and aortic root dilation), hernias, dental anomalies, scoliosis, and facial dysmorphisms (like high palate, micrognathia, narrow palate). Mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive. |
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Inserm Orphanet |
| Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma is a rare, indolent subtype of clear cell renal carcinoma, arising from epithelial cells in the renal cortex. It most frequently manifests with a well-circumscribed, well-encapsulated, unicentric, unilateral, small tumour that typically does not metastasize. Clinically it can present with flank or abdominal pain or haematuria, although most patients are usually asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Bilateral and/or multifocal presentation should raise the suspicion of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. |
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Inserm Orphanet |
| Zlotogora-Ogur syndrome is an ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by hair, skin and teeth anomalies, facial dysmorphism with cleft lip and palate, cutaneous syndactyly and, in some cases, intellectual disability. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by flat face, hypertelorism, flat occiput, upward slanting palpebral fissures, cleft palate, micrognathia, short neck, and severe congenital heart defects. Malrotation of the intestine, bilateral clinodactyly, bilobed tongue, short fourth metatarsals and bifid thumbs may be additionally observed. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| A rare genetic multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome without intellectual disability characterized by unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate and craniofacial dysmorphism (including frontal bossing, hypertelorism, broad flat nasal bridge, cupped ears/thickened helices, and micrognathia). Additional manifestations are variable congenital cardiac anomalies, pectus excavatum, abnormalities of the hands and feet, ocular abnormalities (myopia, cataract, staphyloma), and conductive or sensorineural hearing loss. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| An exceedingly rare association characterized by cleft lip and progressive retinopathy. |
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Inserm Orphanet |
| Cleft lip/palate-deafness-sacral lipoma syndrome is characterized by cleft lip/palate, profound sensorineural deafness, and a sacral lipoma. It has been described in two brothers of Chinese origin born to non-consanguineous parents. Additional findings included appendages on the heel and thigh, or anterior sacral meningocele and dislocated hip. The mode of inheritance is probably autosomal or X-linked recessive. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
| An orofacial clefting syndrome that is characterized by a cleft palate, ocular coloboma, hypospadias, mixed conductive-sensorineural hearing loss, short stature, and radio-ulnar synostosis. |
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Attributed to a particular organization or group that contributes content to SNOMED CT. |
Inserm Orphanet |
FHIR